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The U.S. Trade Dollar minted in 1879 holds a significant place in American numismatic history, representing the final years of production for this iconic coin series. Authorized by the Coinage Act of 1873, the Trade Dollar was specifically minted for use in trade with East Asia, particularly China, to compete with other silver coins circulating in the region.
Designed by Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, William Barber, the Trade Dollar features a depiction of Liberty on the obverse, with a wreath of agricultural products in her hair and the word "LIBERTY" inscribed above. The reverse bears an eagle with wings spread, clutching arrows and an olive branch, with the denomination "420 GRAINS, 900 FINE" and the motto "IN GOD WE TRUST."
This specific 1879 Trade Dollar is a Proof coin, indicating that it was struck with specially polished dies and planchets to showcase the highest level of detail and quality. Proof coins are typically struck multiple times to achieve a sharp, mirror-like finish on both sides. However, despite its Proof status, this coin has been graded as AU, or About Uncirculated, suggesting that it exhibits slight wear but retains much of its original detail.
Additionally, this 1879 Trade Dollar has been cleaned, likely to remove tarnish or surface contaminants. Cleaning can affect a coin's appearance and value, as it may alter the surface texture and luster. However, even with cleaning, Proof coins remain highly collectible due to their limited mintage and exceptional quality.
During the late 19th century, Proof coins like the 1879 Trade Dollar were typically packaged in protective cases or presentation boxes by the mint before being sold to collectors or dignitaries. These special packaging materials helped preserve the coins' delicate surfaces and maintain their numismatic value over time.
The Philadelphia Mint, which did not use mint marks on its coins at the time, was the primary facility responsible for producing Proof Trade Dollars during this period. Located in the heart of the United States, the Philadelphia Mint played a central role in minting circulating and commemorative coinage for the nation.
Mintage figures for Proof Trade Dollars are relatively low compared to their business strike counterparts, contributing to their scarcity and collectibility. The exact mintage of the 1879 Proof Trade Dollar may vary, but it is likely to be significantly lower than the mintage of regular-issue Trade Dollars struck for circulation.
In summary, the U.S. Trade Dollar 1879 Proof AU cleaned represents an important chapter in American monetary history and the country's engagement in global trade during the late 19th century. Its distinctive design, Proof status, and mint origin provide insights into the economic dynamics of the era and the evolving numismatic tastes of collectors.