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The U.S. Shield Nickel of 1868 is a fascinating piece of American numismatic history. During the mid-19th century, the United States faced challenges in producing durable and cost-effective coins. In response to these issues, Chief Engraver James B. Longacre designed the Shield Nickel, which was introduced in 1866. The 1868 Shield Nickel is part of this series, featuring a central shield motif on the obverse that symbolizes the nation's unity and strength. The central shield is adorned with horizontal lines, adding depth and detail to the design.
The obverse of the coin is encircled by thirteen stars, representing the original thirteen states of the Union. This arrangement emphasizes the nation's unity and heritage. In contrast to the earlier 1866 issue, the 1868 Shield Nickel does not bear the rays, making it a distinctive and sought-after coin among collectors.
On the reverse side of the coin, you will find a wreath composed of a laurel branch and an oak branch. The laurel branch symbolizes victory and honor, while the oak branch represents strength and endurance. Within the wreath, the denomination "5 CENTS" is inscribed in large, bold letters, leaving no room for ambiguity regarding the coin's value. Additionally, the year of issue, "1868," is positioned at the bottom, serving as both a historical marker and a testament to the coin's era.
The denomination of five cents was significant for everyday commerce during the mid-19th century, and the introduction of the Shield Nickel aimed to address the issues with smaller denomination coins. This coin was an improvement over its predecessor, the Half Dime, in terms of durability and utility.
Turning our attention to the mintage figures, the 1868 Shield Nickel had a substantial mintage, with a total of 28,890,500 coins produced. While this figure may seem high, it's important to remember that the Shield Nickel was a workhorse of everyday commerce during its time, and many coins were needed to meet the demands of the growing nation.
Now, let's discuss the coin's condition. The 1868 Shield Nickel in Fine (F) grade exhibits moderate wear, which is expected for a coin that has seen circulation. The high points of the design, such as the central shield and the wreath, show noticeable wear, but the overall design and inscriptions remain clear and legible. Collectors often appreciate coins in Fine condition for their historical significance and the balance between wear and preservation of details.
In conclusion, the U.S. Shield Nickel of 1868 is a captivating piece of American numismatic history. Designed by Chief Engraver James B. Longacre, it features a unique central shield motif on the obverse, encircled by thirteen stars, all without the rays found on the 1866 issue. On the reverse, a laurel and oak wreath surrounds the denomination "5 CENTS," emphasizing the coin's value. With a substantial mintage reflecting the needs of a growing nation and a Fine condition that preserves its historical integrity, the 1868 Shield Nickel holds a special place in the world of numismatics and remains a prized addition to coin collections.