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The 1868 Shield Nickel represents a critical phase in the early development of U.S. coinage, showcasing the continuation of the design changes implemented after the initial release of the Shield Nickel series. This particular coin belongs to a series that was introduced in 1866 as part of the U.S. Mint’s effort to transition from silver to nickel for its five-cent pieces. The Shield Nickel was the first U.S. coin to be struck in nickel and was intended to replace the previously used copper-nickel pieces that had been found to be less durable.
The design of the 1868 Shield Nickel, created by engraver James B. Longacre, is emblematic of the Mint's approach to creating a coin that was both functional and symbolically significant. On the obverse of the coin, the central feature is a large shield with vertical stripes. This shield, representing protection and strength, is flanked by thirteen stars, symbolizing the original colonies of the United States. The central shield is inscribed with "E PLURIBUS UNUM," a phrase that reflects the unity of the nation. The simplicity and directness of this design were intended to convey a sense of national pride and reliability.
The reverse of the 1868 Shield Nickel features a wreath composed of olive and corn, encircling the denomination “5 C,” which stands for five cents. This design is flanked by the inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and "NICKEL." The wreath is a traditional symbol of peace and prosperity, while the coin's denomination is clearly stated to indicate its value. This reverse design emphasizes the coin's role as a circulating piece of currency and its intended use in everyday transactions.
The 1868 Shield Nickel was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the primary facility for producing U.S. coinage during this period. The total mintage of the 1868 Shield Nickel was approximately 2,806,000 pieces. This relatively high mintage reflects the ongoing need for nickel coinage and the Mint’s efforts to meet the demands of a growing economy. Despite the large number of coins produced, the 1868 Shield Nickel remains a significant piece in the history of U.S. numismatics due to its role in the early years of the nickel coinage series.
In About Good (AG) condition, the 1868 Shield Nickel exhibits significant wear, which affects the visibility of its design features. The coin’s high points, including the shield and wreath, are worn down, and the details of the inscriptions are less distinct. The overall appearance of the coin in this condition is characterized by heavy wear and smoothing, which has led to a loss of finer details. However, the basic design elements of the coin, such as the shield and the wreath, remain recognizable despite the extensive wear.
Overall, the 1868 Shield Nickel is an important piece of American numismatic history, reflecting the early efforts to establish a durable and reliable five-cent coin in nickel. The coin’s design and production are indicative of the Mint’s approach to creating a new type of currency that would serve the nation’s needs. Despite its worn condition, the 1868 Shield Nickel holds value for collectors and historians as a representative example of early U.S. nickel coinage and its development during a pivotal period in American history.