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The U.S. Large Cent 1846, featuring the Braided Hair design with the Medium Date variety, stands as a significant piece of American numismatic history. Produced during a period of evolving coinage design, the 1846 Large Cent reflects the ongoing refinement of U.S. currency in the mid-19th century. The Large Cent series, initially introduced in 1793, underwent various design changes throughout its history, with the Braided Hair design representing one of the later iterations before the series was discontinued in 1857. This particular year is noteworthy for its design modifications, including the distinct Medium Date variety, which was introduced to address issues with the earlier Large Cent designs.
The design of the 1846 Large Cent showcases Liberty's portrait with a braided hair style, a hallmark of the Braided Hair design. This design was created by engraver William Kneass and later modified by James B. Longacre, who took over after Kneass’s death. The obverse of the coin depicts Liberty facing left, with her hair arranged in a braided fashion. This design element gives the coin its name and reflects the aesthetic preferences of the time. Surrounding Liberty are thirteen stars, representing the original colonies of the United States. The word "LIBERTY" appears on a ribbon across her forehead, emphasizing the core theme of freedom and independence. The reverse side of the coin features a large, intricately detailed wreath composed of various agricultural products, including corn, wheat, and cotton. This wreath encircles the denomination "1 CENT," framed by a beaded border. The wreath design highlights the nation’s agricultural prosperity and serves as a symbol of the economic strength of the country.
The 1846 Large Cent was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, the primary minting facility of the time. Philadelphia was the epicenter of U.S. coin production, responsible for producing the majority of the nation’s coinage. The Mint's operations in the 1840s were marked by efforts to improve the quality and consistency of American coinage, including the refinement of design elements and production techniques. The 1846 Large Cent was struck in copper, with a diameter of 28 millimeters, consistent with other coins in the series. The introduction of the Medium Date variety was part of an effort to address issues with the earlier designs and improve the overall appearance and functionality of the coinage.
The mintage of the 1846 Large Cent was approximately 4.5 million pieces. This substantial mintage indicates a high demand for the coin during this period. Despite the relatively high production numbers, well-preserved examples of the 1846 Large Cent, particularly in higher grades, can be scarce. The Medium Date variety is particularly notable among collectors due to its distinct characteristics and the historical context of its production. The coin's design changes and the shift to the Medium Date variety represent a significant moment in the evolution of U.S. coinage.
The coin's condition, graded as Fine, reflects its state of preservation. In this grade, the 1846 Large Cent exhibits noticeable wear, with much of the finer detail having been worn away. The portrait of Liberty and the design elements on the reverse, such as the wreath, will be present but lacking in sharpness. The coin may show surface marks, some loss of original luster, and an overall worn appearance. Despite these signs of wear, the 1846 Large Cent in Fine condition remains a valuable historical artifact. It provides insight into the design and production of early American coinage and serves as a representative piece of the Braided Hair series.
Overall, the U.S. Large Cent 1846 Braided Hair Medium Date in Fine condition is a notable example of mid-19th-century American coinage. Its design reflects the artistic and economic values of the period, while its historical context highlights the evolution of U.S. coinage. As a collectible item, it offers a tangible connection to the past and represents an important era in the development of U.S. currency.