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The 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent represents a notable chapter in the history of American coinage, showcasing the transitional phase of the U.S. cent denomination during the early 19th century. This particular coin, distinguished by its Small Date variety, is a key example of the Braided Hair design, which reflects both artistic and technical changes in American numismatic history. The year 1840 marks an important period as it was the first year that saw the introduction of the Small Date design for the Braided Hair series, making it a significant collectible for numismatists.
The history of the 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent is rooted in the broader context of U.S. coinage evolution. The Braided Hair design, created by engraver James B. Longacre, replaced the earlier Classic Head design that had been in use since 1836. This new design aimed to provide a more refined and intricate representation of Liberty. The introduction of the Small Date variety in 1840 is part of the ongoing adjustments made to improve the aesthetics and production process of the large cent. The Small Date version is characterized by a smaller date placement compared to its predecessors, a detail that reflects the Mint’s efforts to standardize and refine its coinage.
The design of the 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent features Liberty with a braided hair style, portrayed in a more detailed and elegant manner compared to earlier designs. Liberty's hair is gathered in a ribbon at the back of her head, and she wears a coronet inscribed with the word "LIBERTY." Surrounding her is a laurel wreath that symbolizes honor and victory. The reverse of the coin showcases a large, central shield with the inscription "ONE CENT" and is encircled by a wreath of corn and cotton, which signifies the agricultural wealth of the United States. This design reflects the artistic preferences of the era and the symbolic representation of American ideals.
The 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the primary minting facility for U.S. coinage during this period. The Philadelphia Mint, established in 1792, played a crucial role in producing various denominations of U.S. currency. The minting of the 1840 Large Cent was part of the broader series of Large Cents produced from 1840 to 1857, with the Braided Hair design representing a significant part of this series. The Philadelphia Mint’s involvement highlights its central role in the early history of American coinage.
The mintage of the 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent was relatively high for its time, with approximately 3,256,000 coins struck. This substantial mintage reflects the continued demand for large cents during the early 19th century, despite the gradual shift towards smaller denominations. The relatively high mintage contributes to the availability of this coin, although the Small Date variety remains a distinct and sought-after version among collectors due to its unique features and historical significance.
In terms of condition, the 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent in Very Fine (VF) grade exhibits clear detail and moderate wear. Coins in this grade show significant design features, with the primary elements of the coin remaining well-defined. The Small Date feature is clearly visible, and while there may be some wear on high points and minor abrasions, the overall appearance of the coin retains its historical integrity. The Very Fine grade represents a balance between accessibility and preservation, making it a desirable choice for collectors seeking a well-maintained example of this important issue.
The 1840 Braided Hair Large Cent, especially in the Small Date variety and Very Fine condition, is a valuable piece of American numismatic history. Its design, historical context, and the significance of the Small Date feature contribute to its appeal among collectors. The coin provides a window into the artistic and technical evolution of U.S. coinage, reflecting the changes in design and production practices that occurred during the early 19th century. As a collectible, it represents both a tangible link to the past and a testament to the craftsmanship and artistry of early American minting.