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The 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent is a significant issue in the history of American coinage, reflecting both the design evolution and the economic context of mid-19th century America. This particular year is noteworthy due to its place in the series of Braided Hair half cents, which were produced from 1849 to 1857. The coin offers a fascinating glimpse into the aesthetic and technical aspects of early American numismatic artistry.
The Braided Hair half cent series represents a shift from the earlier Classic Head design to a more intricate and refined appearance. This transition was part of a broader effort to modernize and enhance the visual appeal of American coins. The 1855 issue, along with others in the series, was designed by the engraver Robert Scot and later modified by James B. Longacre. The design was intended to provide a more detailed and attractive image that would stand the test of time.
The obverse of the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent features a portrait of Liberty, adorned with a braided hair style that gave the coin its distinctive name. Liberty's hair is arranged in a flowing, elaborate braid, which was a popular motif in 19th-century coin design. She is depicted facing left, with a headband inscribed with the word “LIBERTY” above her brow. The details of the braid and the facial features are rendered with a high level of craftsmanship, showcasing the skill of the engravers involved in the coin's creation. Surrounding the portrait is a border of 13 stars, representing the original colonies of the United States, adding to the coin’s historical significance.
The reverse of the coin features a classic wreath design that encircles the denomination of "1/2 C." The wreath is composed of two olive branches, which were symbols of peace and unity. This design choice underscores the coin's role as a symbol of American prosperity and stability. The reverse also includes the year of mintage, 1855, and the inscription "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," which frames the central design. The choice of the wreath motif was intended to reflect the values of the young nation and to provide a visually pleasing complement to the obverse design.
The minting of the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent took place at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the primary minting facility for the United States at the time. Philadelphia was the center of American coin production, and many of the country's early coins were struck there. The 1855 issue is part of a limited mintage for the series, with only a small number of coins being produced that year. The total mintage for the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent was approximately 1.5 million coins. This relatively low mintage, combined with the coin’s age and historical significance, contributes to its desirability among collectors.
The condition of the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent is a key factor in its collectible value. Coins that are graded as Extra Fine (XF) exhibit significant detail and minimal wear, with the design elements remaining sharp and clear. In an XF condition, the coin will show only minor signs of circulation, such as light abrasion on high points and a well-preserved surface that retains much of its original luster. The 1855 half cent in XF condition represents a well-maintained example of this historic coin, making it a valuable addition to any collection.
Overall, the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent is a noteworthy example of mid-19th century American coinage, reflecting both the artistic and economic trends of its time. The coin’s design, minting history, and condition contribute to its significance in the numismatic community. Collectors and historians alike value the 1855 Braided Hair Half Cent for its representation of American coinage evolution and its role in the broader context of U.S. monetary history. Its status as a collectible item is bolstered by its historical importance, artistic design, and relative rarity, making it a prized possession for enthusiasts and collectors of American numismatics.