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The Seated Liberty Half Dollar, particularly the 1855 Arrows variety, is a significant coin in American numismatic history. Struck during a time of economic fluctuation and change in the United States, this coin represents not only a form of currency but also an era marked by social and political transformation. The Arrows were introduced as a design modification to indicate a change in the weight of the coin, reflecting the evolving economic conditions of the mid-19th century.
The history of the Seated Liberty Half Dollar began with its introduction in 1839, designed by the renowned engraver Christian Gobrecht. The coin featured a depiction of Lady Liberty seated, holding a pole topped with a liberty cap in her right hand, and resting her left hand on a shield. This design was emblematic of the ideals of freedom and democracy that were foundational to the United States. The inclusion of the Arrows in 1853 signified a reduction in the weight of the coin from 13.61 grams to 12.5 grams, which was part of a larger attempt to counteract the effects of the California Gold Rush and the inflationary pressures that ensued.
By 1855, the economy was still adjusting to these changes, and the Arrows remained part of the design for this year’s mintage. The obverse of the coin prominently displays Liberty seated, with the word "LIBERTY" inscribed on the shield, while the reverse features a classic eagle, a symbol of strength and resilience. The eagle is surrounded by a wreath and carries a banner that reads “E PLURIBUS UNUM,” reinforcing the ideals of unity among the states. The use of Arrows on either side of the date serves as a clear indication of the coin’s modified weight and reflects the U.S. Mint’s efforts to provide clarity and assurance to the public regarding the currency's value.
Minted at the Philadelphia Mint, the 1855 Seated Liberty Half Dollar saw a relatively limited mintage compared to other years. The total mintage for the 1855 Arrows variety is approximately 1,250,000 coins. This figure, while significant, is lower than many other denominations produced during the same period, which enhances its desirability among collectors. The lower mintage also indicates that the coin was actively circulated, leading to varying degrees of wear and condition among surviving examples.
The design elements of the 1855 Arrows coin are distinctive and are often celebrated for their artistic merit. The seated Liberty is portrayed with a sense of grace and poise, reflecting the values of the time. The intricate details of her gown and the folds of the fabric showcase the exceptional craftsmanship of the engraver. The eagle on the reverse, with its powerful wings and detailed feathers, further illustrates the artistry that went into creating this piece. The addition of the Arrows adds a unique characteristic to the coin, distinguishing it from other Seated Liberty Half Dollars and adding to its historical significance.
The condition of the 1855 Arrows coin can vary widely among collectors. Examples graded as Extra Fine (XF) indicate a coin that exhibits light wear but still retains much of its original detail and luster. In this grade, the major design features remain distinct, although the high points may show some wear. Collectors often seek out coins in higher grades, but the appeal of an XF example lies in its balance between affordability and historical integrity.
Collecting the Seated Liberty series, particularly the 1855 Arrows variety, is popular among numismatists for various reasons. The coin not only represents a pivotal moment in American history but also serves as an artistic expression of the values of liberty and unity. As a tangible piece of the past, it connects collectors to the stories and events that shaped the nation during the mid-19th century.
In summary, the 1855 Seated Liberty Half Dollar with Arrows is a remarkable collectible that encapsulates the economic and political challenges of its time. Its rich history, striking design, and limited mintage contribute to its enduring appeal among collectors. This coin serves as a reminder of the nation’s journey through change and resilience, making it a valuable addition to any collection of American numismatic history.