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The Seated Liberty Half Dime of 1861 is a noteworthy issue within the Seated Liberty series, which was first introduced in 1837 by Christian Gobrecht. This series is well-regarded for its classical design elements and its embodiment of mid-19th century American numismatic aesthetics. The 1861 Half Dime holds particular historical significance as it was minted during a tumultuous period in American history, marking the early years of the American Civil War.
The design of the 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime reflects the enduring features of the Seated Liberty series. On the obverse, Liberty is depicted seated on a rock, draped in a gown and holding a staff topped with a liberty cap, symbolizing strength and freedom. This portrayal is encircled by thirteen stars, representing the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States. Below Liberty is the date “1861,” which firmly places the coin within its specific year of issue. The reverse design features a wreath of olive branches that encircles the denomination “5 C,” along with the inscriptions “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” and “HALF DIME.” This design approach marries classical elegance with practical utility, ensuring that the coin was both aesthetically pleasing and functional for everyday use.
The 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the primary minting facility for the United States during the 19th century. The Philadelphia Mint was crucial in the production of U.S. coinage, serving as the central mint and overseeing a significant portion of the nation's coin production. The mintage for the 1861 Half Dime was approximately 1,090,000 coins. This considerable mintage indicates that the coin was produced in substantial quantities to meet the needs of a growing economy and a nation on the brink of significant change. The production figures underscore the mint’s ability to fulfill the demands of a coinage system that was integral to everyday transactions during a period of national upheaval.
In terms of condition, a Very Good (VG) grade for the 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime signifies that the coin has experienced moderate wear but still retains some of its essential design elements. Coins graded as Very Good will show noticeable wear on both the obverse and reverse. On the obverse, Liberty’s figure will be worn down, with details such as her gown and the staff becoming flattened and less distinct. The surrounding stars and inscriptions will also show wear, with some of the finer details becoming less visible. Despite the overall wear, the primary design elements and inscriptions remain recognizable, making Very Good examples of the 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime valuable to collectors who appreciate historical context and the coin’s role in American numismatic history. The surface of the coin may exhibit typical signs of circulation, including scratches and abrasions, which are common for coins that have been used extensively in everyday transactions.
The 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime represents a significant chapter in the history of American coinage, reflecting both the artistic and practical aspects of mid-19th century design. The coin’s design, minting history, and condition all contribute to its historical and numismatic importance. As a product of the Philadelphia Mint and a continuation of Christian Gobrecht’s design legacy, the 1861 Half Dime captures a pivotal moment in the evolution of U.S. currency. Collectors and historians value this coin not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its representation of the era's complex historical and social dynamics. Despite its wear, the 1861 Seated Liberty Half Dime remains a cherished piece for those interested in the rich heritage of American numismatics and the intricacies of its historical development.