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The Portuguese India 10 centavos 1961 KM#30 UNC coin is a historically significant piece that represents the final years of Portuguese colonial rule in India. Issued in 1961, this coin was one of the last to be minted before the Indian government annexed the Portuguese territories of Goa, Daman, and Diu. Collectors and historians highly value the 10 centavos coin for its historical context, intricate design, and the details surrounding its minting and mintage.
Portuguese India, consisting of Goa, Daman, and Diu, was established in 1510 and remained under Portuguese control for over 450 years. The long history of Portuguese rule in these territories significantly influenced the region's culture, architecture, and economy. The issuance of the 10 centavos coin in 1961 came at a time when the independence movement in India had already succeeded in ending British colonial rule in 1947, and the Indian government was increasingly focused on integrating all remaining colonial enclaves. In December 1961, the Indian military launched Operation Vijay, which resulted in the annexation of Goa, Daman, and Diu, ending Portuguese colonial rule in India.
The obverse of the Portuguese India 10 centavos 1961 KM#30 UNC coin features the Portuguese coat of arms. The coat of arms is a detailed and symbolic representation, consisting of a shield with five small shields arranged in a cross pattern, each containing five small dots, symbolizing the five Moorish kings defeated by the first King of Portugal. Above these shields is a larger shield with seven castles, representing the fortresses of Portugal. Surrounding the coat of arms is the inscription "REPUBLICA PORTUGUESA," denoting the Portuguese Republic. This design reflects the pride and heritage of Portugal, emphasizing its historical significance and national identity.
The reverse side of the coin prominently displays the denomination "10 CENTAVOS" along with the year "1961." The inscription "INDIA PORTUGUESA" encircles the denomination, indicating the coin's issuance for Portuguese India. The reverse design is straightforward and functional, ensuring the denomination is easily recognizable. The simplicity and clarity of the design make it easy to use in everyday transactions while maintaining an aesthetic appeal that enhances its collectible value.
The Portuguese India 10 centavos 1961 KM#30 UNC coin was minted in bronze, a material chosen for its durability and resistance to wear. Bronze coins were common for lower denominations during this period due to their ability to withstand frequent handling and their cost-effectiveness. The coin has a diameter of 22 mm and a weight of 4 grams, making it convenient for everyday use. The smooth edge of the coin adds to its simplicity and functionality. The choice of bronze reflects economic considerations and the practical needs of the Portuguese Indian economy during this period.
The "UNC" (Uncirculated) condition of the coin indicates that it has been well-preserved with no signs of wear, maintaining its original luster and details. Coins in UNC condition are particularly valued by collectors for their high level of preservation and the sharpness of their design elements. The details of the coat of arms and the inscriptions remain clear and crisp, providing an excellent example of this issue and highlighting the quality of the minting process.
The mintage of the 1961 10 centavos coin was part of the regular coinage issued for circulation in Portuguese India. While exact mintage figures are often challenging to determine, coins from this period are relatively scarce, especially in high grades like UNC. The limited availability of well-preserved examples adds to their allure and collectible value, making them sought-after by numismatists interested in colonial coinage and the history of Portuguese India.
Portugal has a rich and diverse history, marked by its role as a leading maritime power during the Age of Exploration. One interesting fact about Portugal is that it established the first global maritime empire in the 15th and 16th centuries, with colonies and trading posts spanning Africa, Asia, and South America. This extensive network of territories allowed Portugal to control vital trade routes and resources, significantly impacting global commerce and cultural exchanges. The legacy of Portugal's maritime empire is evident in the cultural influences and historical ties that persist in its former colonies, including Portuguese India.
The Portuguese India 10 centavos 1961 KM#30 UNC coin is a significant piece of numismatic history, representing the final years of Portuguese rule in India. Its detailed design, historical context, and well-preserved condition make it a valuable addition to any collection. The coin not only represents a period of colonial administration and economic activity but also serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of Portuguese influence in the region. Collectors and historians treasure this coin for its beauty, historical significance, and the insights it provides into the broader history of Portuguese India and Portugal's global maritime empire. The 1961 10 centavos coin stands as a reminder of the complex and multifaceted history that shaped the modern world.