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The Panama 25 centesimos coin from 1975, cataloged as KM#37.1 and graded as Proof (PF), is a numismatic gem that beautifully encapsulates Panama's history and heritage. Minted nearly five decades ago, this coin offers a unique glimpse into the cultural and political landscape of Panama during that era, making it a highly sought-after collectible for both coin enthusiasts and history aficionados.
Before delving into the coin's design and attributes, it's crucial to understand the historical context of Panama in the mid-1970s. At this time, Panama was navigating a complex path of political and social change. The Panama Canal Zone, which had been under U.S. control for most of the 20th century, was gradually transitioning back to Panamanian sovereignty. In 1977, the Torrijos-Carter Treaties were signed, paving the way for the eventual transfer of the Panama Canal to Panama. This period marked a significant milestone in Panama's history, signifying its newfound control over a vital international waterway.
The obverse (front) of the coin features a portrait of Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, a prominent figure in Panamanian politics during the 20th century. Dr. Arias served as Panama's president multiple times and was known for his advocacy of social reforms and efforts to improve healthcare and education. His image on the coin pays tribute to his contributions to Panama's development and his enduring legacy in the country's history. Surrounding Dr. Arias's portrait is the inscription "ARNULFO ARIAS," honoring the leader's name and legacy. On the reverse (back) of the coin, Panama's national coat of arms takes center stage. This emblematic design consists of four quadrants, each rich in symbolism. The upper-left quadrant features a crossed sword and rifle, symbolizing Panama's commitment to defending its sovereignty and independence. The upper-right quadrant displays a crossed shovel and pickaxe, highlighting the significance of the Panama Canal's construction and operation, which had been under U.S. control for most of its history.
In the lower-left quadrant, we see a ship sailing on the Pacific Ocean, while the lower-right quadrant depicts a ship on the Caribbean Sea. These maritime symbols emphasize Panama's unique geographical position as a bridge between two oceans and its vital role in global trade and commerce.
Surrounding the coat of arms is a banner bearing the inscription "REPUBLICA DE PANAMÁ," proudly declaring Panama's status as a sovereign republic.
The Panama 25 centesimos coin measures approximately 19 millimeters in diameter, making it relatively compact and easy to handle. It typically has a weight ranging from 2.3 to 2.4 grams. The coin's composition consists of nickel, which is non-precious but durable, ensuring the coin's longevity and resistance to wear and tear.
Proof coins, like this one, are known for their exceptional quality and craftsmanship. They are struck with meticulous care, resulting in sharp details, mirror-like surfaces, and pristine finishes. Proof coins are often produced in limited quantities, enhancing their collectible status among numismatists.
One intriguing fact about Panama is its strategic location as a bridge between North and South America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The Panama Canal, often referred to as the "Crossroads of the World," has played a pivotal role in global trade and commerce by facilitating the efficient passage of vessels between these two major waterways. It remains one of the most critical and strategic maritime routes globally.
In conclusion, the Panama 25 centesimos coin from 1975, graded as Proof (PF), is a testament to Panama's history and its evolving role on the world stage, particularly in relation to the Panama Canal's transfer to Panamanian control. Its distinctive design, compact size, and Proof quality make it a prized collectible, admired for its aesthetic appeal and historical significance. As a tangible piece of Panama's heritage, this coin serves as a lasting tribute to the nation's journey towards full sovereignty and its continued importance in international trade.