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The Ireland 1 Farthing coin of 1949, cataloged as KM#9, represents a fascinating piece of Irish numismatic history. This coin, struck in red uncirculated (UNC) condition, offers a glimpse into the post-war era of Ireland, a time marked by economic recovery and cultural resurgence. The 1 Farthing coin was part of Ireland's pre-decimal currency system, which was in use until the country adopted the decimal system in 1971.
The obverse of the 1949 1 Farthing coin features the iconic Irish harp, a symbol deeply rooted in Ireland's heritage. The harp, based on the famous Brian Boru harp, is intricately designed with detailed strings and curves, symbolizing Ireland's musical and cultural traditions. Surrounding the harp is the inscription "éire," the Irish name for Ireland, along with the year of issue, "1949." This design element reflects the continuity of Ireland's national symbols and the pride the nation takes in its historical and cultural identity.
The reverse of the coin showcases a woodcock, a bird native to Ireland and the British Isles. The woodcock is depicted in mid-flight, capturing its grace and natural beauty. The design, created by English artist Percy Metcalfe, is elegant and detailed, highlighting the bird's feathers and motion. The denomination "farthing" is inscribed below the bird, indicating the coin's value. This choice of imagery emphasizes Ireland's natural heritage and the importance of wildlife in the country's identity.
The 1949 1 Farthing coin was minted at the Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales, which was responsible for producing many of Ireland's coins during this period. The Royal Mint's expertise ensured that the coins were of high quality, with sharp details and consistent production standards. The coin was struck in bronze, a durable metal composed primarily of copper, with tin and zinc added to enhance its strength and resistance to wear. This composition gives the coin its distinctive red appearance, especially in uncirculated condition.
The mintage of the 1949 1 Farthing coin was relatively limited, as the farthing was a low-denomination coin and not as widely used as other denominations. This makes uncirculated examples particularly valuable to collectors, as they have been preserved in pristine condition, free from the wear and tear of circulation. Coins in red uncirculated condition are especially sought after for their original luster and sharp details, making them prized additions to any numismatic collection.
The introduction of the 1 Farthing coin in 1949 occurred during a period of significant change and modernization in Ireland. The country was recovering from the economic challenges of World War II and was beginning to experience growth and development. The farthing, though a small denomination, played a role in everyday transactions, facilitating commerce and trade in a post-war economy. It was used for small purchases and as change, helping to keep the economy moving smoothly.
One interesting fact about Ireland during this time is its cultural revival, often referred to as the Gaelic Revival. This movement aimed to promote Irish language, literature, and traditions, seeking to revive and preserve the unique cultural identity of Ireland. The use of traditional symbols such as the harp on the 1 Farthing coin reflects this broader cultural resurgence and the importance placed on national heritage. The coin serves as a tangible reminder of Ireland's efforts to reclaim and celebrate its cultural legacy during the mid-20th century.
The dimensions of the 1949 1 Farthing coin are notable as well. The coin measures 20 millimeters in diameter and weighs 2.83 grams. Its small size and lightweight make it easy to handle and recognizable by touch and sight. The design's balance between detailed artwork and practical dimensions reflects careful planning, ensuring that the coin would be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
For numismatists and collectors, the 1949 1 Farthing coin holds significant value, especially in red uncirculated condition. Collectors seek out these coins for their historical significance, aesthetic appeal, and quality. The coin serves as a tangible connection to Ireland's cultural and economic past, providing insight into a period of dynamic change and development. Its small size belies its historical importance and the role it played in the daily lives of Irish citizens.
The 1949 1 Farthing coin also highlights the importance of wildlife conservation in Ireland. The depiction of the woodcock on the reverse side of the coin underscores the nation's appreciation for its natural fauna and the efforts to protect and preserve these species. The choice of a native bird as the central design element reflects a broader awareness of environmental conservation and the significance of wildlife in Ireland's natural heritage.
In conclusion, the Ireland 1 Farthing coin of 1949 is a remarkable piece of numismatic history. Its design elements, featuring the Irish harp and the woodcock, celebrate Ireland's rich cultural and natural heritage. Minted during a time of economic recovery and cultural revival, the coin stands as a symbol of a pivotal period in the country's history. As Ireland moved towards modernization and growth, the 1 Farthing coin remains a cherished artifact, reflecting the nation's journey and its enduring symbols of identity and pride.