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The Ireland 1/2 Penny coin of 1935, cataloged as KM#2, represents an important part of Irish numismatic history. This coin, in extremely fine (XF) condition, offers a window into Ireland's economic and cultural landscape during the early 20th century. The 1/2 Penny coin was part of Ireland's pre-decimal currency system, which remained in use until the country transitioned to decimal currency in 1971.
The obverse of the 1935 1/2 Penny coin features the Irish harp, a symbol deeply embedded in Ireland's cultural and historical identity. The harp, modeled after the famous Brian Boru harp, is intricately detailed, showcasing its strings and ornate curves. Surrounding the harp is the inscription "éire," the Irish name for Ireland, and the year of issue, "1935." This design element underscores the continuity of Ireland's national symbols and the pride the nation takes in its heritage.
The reverse of the coin depicts a pig with piglets, a design created by the English artist Percy Metcalfe. This image is a charming and evocative representation of rural Irish life, symbolizing fertility, agriculture, and the importance of livestock to the Irish economy. The denomination "leath phingin" (Irish for half penny) is inscribed around the image, emphasizing the coin's value. This design choice reflects Ireland's agrarian roots and the central role of farming in the nation's economy.
The 1935 1/2 Penny coin was minted at the Royal Mint in London, which was responsible for producing many of Ireland's coins during this period. The Royal Mint's expertise ensured that the coins were of high quality, with sharp details and consistent production standards. The coin was struck in bronze, a durable alloy primarily composed of copper, with tin and zinc added to enhance its strength and resistance to wear. This composition gives the coin a distinctive reddish-brown appearance, particularly well-preserved in extremely fine condition.
The mintage of the 1935 1/2 Penny coin was substantial, as the half penny was a commonly used denomination in everyday transactions. However, coins in extremely fine condition are relatively rare, as they have been preserved with minimal wear and retain much of their original luster and detail. Collectors value these high-quality examples for their historical significance and aesthetic appeal, making them prized additions to any numismatic collection.
The introduction of the 1/2 Penny coin in 1935 occurred during a time of significant political and economic change in Ireland. The country had gained independence from Britain in 1922, and by the 1930s, it was establishing its identity as a sovereign nation. The Irish Free State, as it was known then, was focused on building a self-sufficient economy and promoting Irish culture and traditions. The 1/2 Penny coin, with its traditional symbols and imagery, reflects this broader national ethos.
One interesting fact about Ireland during this time is the emphasis on cultural revival, particularly the Gaelic Revival, which sought to promote Irish language, literature, and traditions. The use of Gaelic on the coin, such as "leath phingin," underscores the efforts to revive and preserve the Irish language as a vital part of the nation's identity. This movement was part of a broader cultural renaissance that aimed to reconnect the Irish people with their heritage and traditions.
The dimensions of the 1935 1/2 Penny coin are notable for their practical design. The coin measures 25.5 millimeters in diameter and weighs 5.67 grams, making it easy to handle and recognizable by touch and sight. The balance between detailed artwork and practical dimensions reflects careful planning, ensuring that the coin was both functional and aesthetically pleasing. This attention to detail is evident in the intricate design elements and the quality of the minting process.
For numismatists and collectors, the 1935 1/2 Penny coin holds significant value, especially in extremely fine condition. Collectors seek out these coins for their historical significance, aesthetic appeal, and quality. The coin serves as a tangible connection to Ireland's economic and cultural past, providing insight into a period of dynamic change and development. Its relatively small size belies its historical importance and the role it played in the daily lives of Irish citizens.
The 1935 1/2 Penny coin also highlights the importance of agriculture in Ireland's economy. The depiction of the pig with piglets on the reverse side of the coin underscores the nation's reliance on livestock farming and the significance of agricultural practices in sustaining the economy. This choice of imagery reflects a broader awareness of the rural lifestyle and the essential role of farming in Irish society.
In conclusion, the Ireland 1/2 Penny coin of 1935 is a remarkable piece of numismatic history. Its design elements, featuring the Irish harp and the pig with piglets, celebrate Ireland's rich cultural and economic heritage. Minted during a time of significant national development, the coin stands as a symbol of a pivotal period in the country's history. As Ireland moved towards modernization and growth, the 1/2 Penny coin remains a cherished artifact, reflecting the nation's journey and its enduring symbols of identity and pride.