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The Iraq 10 Fils coin from 1938, cataloged as KM#103, is a significant piece from the period of the Kingdom of Iraq under the Hashemite monarchy. This coin, in Very Fine (VF) condition, represents a time of modernization and national identity formation in Iraq, just a few years after gaining independence from British mandate rule.
The 10 Fils coin was introduced during the reign of King Ghazi I, who was on the throne from 1933 until his death in 1939. King Ghazi was a strong proponent of Iraqi nationalism and sought to diminish British influence in the country. The introduction of the 10 Fils coin in 1938 was part of broader economic reforms aimed at stabilizing the country's currency and economy during this transformative period.
The obverse of the 10 Fils coin features a detailed portrait of King Ghazi I, facing left. The king's portrait is framed by an inscription in Arabic that translates to "Ghazi I" and "King of Iraq." This depiction was designed to present King Ghazi as a young and dynamic leader, embodying the hopes of a modern and independent Iraq. The use of Arabic script underscores the importance of the Arabic language in the cultural and national identity of Iraq.
On the reverse side, the coin displays its denomination "10 Fils" prominently in the center, surrounded by a decorative wreath of wheat ears. This imagery symbolizes agriculture, which was a vital part of Iraq's economy. Below the denomination, the year of minting is indicated in both Arabic and Gregorian calendars, with the corresponding Hijri year of 1357. The inclusion of both calendar systems highlights Iraq's Islamic heritage while also integrating with the Western world.
The 10 Fils coin was minted in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Although specific mintage figures for this coin are not easily accessible, coins of this era were typically produced in large quantities to meet the needs of the population. The condition of this particular coin, graded as Very Fine (VF), indicates that it has been well-circulated but still retains significant details and clarity in its design elements.
The issuance of the 10 Fils coin in 1938 was part of a strategic effort by the Iraqi government to modernize its economy and establish a stable currency system. During the 1930s, Iraq was navigating the complexities of establishing itself as an independent nation following centuries of Ottoman rule and subsequent British mandate. Standardizing the currency was crucial for facilitating trade, encouraging economic growth, and fostering a sense of national unity.
A noteworthy aspect of Iraq's rich history is its status as the cradle of civilization. The region that is now modern-day Iraq was home to some of the earliest civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. These ancient cultures contributed significantly to the development of writing, law, and urbanization. Sites like the ancient city of Babylon and the ziggurats of Ur are testaments to Iraq's profound historical and cultural legacy.
In the broader context of Iraq's history, the 10 Fils coin from 1938 stands as a symbol of the country's journey towards modernization and national identity. The coin reflects the era of King Ghazi I and the efforts to promote economic stability and national unity. The design elements of the coin, including the portrait of the king and the agricultural motifs, highlight themes of leadership, prosperity, and cultural heritage.
The 10 Fils coin is a valuable collector's item, particularly in Very Fine condition, as it offers a tangible connection to Iraq's past. For numismatists and historians, this coin represents a significant period in Iraq's development as an independent nation. The coin's preservation and historical context make it a treasured addition to any collection, providing insights into the legacy of the Hashemite monarchy and the rich cultural tapestry of Iraq.
During the late 1930s, Iraq was undergoing a period of change and modernization, striving to create a strong national identity. The 10 Fils coin, with its intricate design and historical significance, is a reflection of this dynamic period. As a piece of currency, it facilitated everyday transactions, but as a historical artifact, it tells the story of a nation building its future on the foundations of a rich and ancient past.