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The 1889 Indian Head Cent is a distinguished example from the series minted by the United States from 1859 to 1909. This series, designed by James B. Longacre, features Liberty in a Native American headdress, an emblematic representation reflecting the spirit of the nation during the latter part of the 19th century. The 1889 issue, struck at the Philadelphia Mint, is a noteworthy example due to its design, historical context, and the specific conditions under which it was produced. The year 1889 was marked by significant changes in American society and economy, and the coin serves as a tangible link to this transformative period.
The mintage for the 1889 Indian Head Cent was approximately 24,828,000 coins. This relatively high production number indicates that the coin was widely circulated and used in everyday transactions. Despite its substantial mintage, the 1889 Indian Head Cent is valued among collectors for its historical significance and design details. The large number of coins produced ensures that it is accessible to collectors, though well-preserved examples, particularly those in Extra Fine condition, are highly sought after for their clarity and aesthetic appeal.
The obverse design of the 1889 Indian Head Cent features Liberty in a detailed Native American headdress. The design, created by James B. Longacre, is characterized by its fine detail and artistic representation. Liberty’s profile is rendered with precision, with the headdress adorned with feathers, and a band holding the feathers in place. The inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” encircles Liberty’s head, framing the central figure and contributing to the overall aesthetic of the coin. The detailed depiction of Liberty’s headdress highlights Longacre’s skill in capturing both the grandeur and intricacy of the design.
On the reverse side, the coin showcases a laurel and oak wreath surrounding the denomination “ONE CENT.” The wreath is tied with a ribbon, adding a decorative element that frames the central inscription. The choice of laurel and oak symbolizes victory, strength, and endurance, echoing the values and aspirations of the era. The inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” appears around the edge, reinforcing the coin’s legitimacy and purpose as a unit of American currency. The design on the reverse complements the obverse by providing a balanced and aesthetically pleasing presentation of the denomination.
In Extra Fine condition, the 1889 Indian Head Cent shows a degree of wear that is consistent with its usage while retaining much of its original detail. The obverse portrait of Liberty remains clear and well-defined, with the headdress’s intricate details such as the feathers and the band still discernible. Minor wear may be evident on the highest points of the design, but overall, the coin maintains a sharp and attractive appearance. The reverse design also exhibits wear, particularly on the central elements of the wreath and the denomination, but the overall design remains intact and visually appealing. The inscriptions on both sides of the coin are legible, and the coin’s overall design continues to exhibit its intended elegance and charm.
The 1889 Indian Head Cent is highly regarded among collectors for its historical context, design, and condition. The coin represents a period of growth and change in the United States, capturing the essence of late 19th-century American numismatics. Collectors appreciate the 1889 date for its connection to this period and for its design, which exemplifies the artistic quality of the Indian Head Cent series. Examples in Extra Fine condition are particularly prized for their preservation and clarity, making the 1889 Indian Head Cent a valuable addition to any numismatic collection.