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The 1879 Indian Head Cent is a notable example from the Indian Head Cent series, which was introduced in 1859 by Chief Engraver James B. Longacre. This series marked a significant departure from previous designs, showcasing a distinct representation of Liberty in a feathered headdress, which became an iconic symbol of the era. The 1879 issue, produced by the Philadelphia Mint, stands out within the series due to its place in the post-Civil War era, a time of economic recovery and growth for the United States.
The total mintage for the 1879 Indian Head Cent was approximately 14,356,000 coins. This substantial mintage reflects the demand for small-denomination coinage during this period, as the country experienced a phase of increased economic activity and population growth. The high production numbers ensured that the 1879 Indian Head Cent circulated widely, contributing to its significance in the broader context of American currency. The coin’s widespread circulation also means that examples in well-preserved condition are valued by collectors today for their historical and aesthetic qualities.
The design of the 1879 Indian Head Cent features a detailed portrait of Liberty, adorned with a feathered headdress. The design, crafted by James B. Longacre, depicts Liberty in profile, facing left, with her hair flowing and a headdress that includes a band and feathers. This depiction was intended to symbolize strength and honor, incorporating elements of Native American imagery that were popular in the 19th century. The inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” encircles Liberty’s portrait, reinforcing the coin’s national identity and its role in American currency.
The reverse of the 1879 Indian Head Cent showcases a laurel and oak wreath surrounding the denomination “ONE CENT.” The wreath is tied with a ribbon, and the inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” completes the design. The laurel represents victory, while the oak signifies strength and endurance. This design was intended to convey the values and aspirations of the nation, with the wreath providing a decorative and symbolic frame for the coin’s denomination. The intricate details of the wreath, along with the clear presentation of the “ONE CENT” inscription, highlight the coin’s aesthetic appeal and its role as a symbol of American prosperity.
In Extra Fine condition, the 1879 Indian Head Cent exhibits light to moderate wear, with much of the coin’s original detail remaining intact. On the obverse, Liberty’s portrait retains clear definition, though the high points of the design, such as the feathered headdress and the band, may show some signs of wear. The overall appearance of Liberty’s profile is still sharp, with the hair and headdress elements discernible but softened slightly due to circulation. The reverse design, including the laurel and oak wreath, also maintains its overall integrity, with the central elements and inscriptions remaining legible and well-defined. The light wear characteristic of Extra Fine condition does not significantly diminish the coin’s visual appeal or historical value.
The 1879 Indian Head Cent is highly valued by collectors for its historical significance and design excellence. The coin represents a period of transition and growth in American numismatic history, capturing the spirit of the late 19th century through its detailed design and substantial mintage. Collectors appreciate the 1879 Indian Head Cent not only for its role in the broader Indian Head Cent series but also for its representation of a time of economic expansion and artistic achievement in U.S. coinage.