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The Hawaii 25 Cents 1883 KM#5 XF silver coin is a significant artifact from the Kingdom of Hawaii, encapsulating a crucial period in its history. This coin was minted during the reign of King Kalakaua, who ruled from 1874 to 1891, and represents the kingdom's efforts to establish its own currency system. The 25 cent coin of 1883 is particularly notable for its historical context, unique design, and the circumstances surrounding its minting and mintage.
The Hawaiian Kingdom, under the leadership of King Kalakaua, sought to modernize its economy and reduce its reliance on foreign currencies. In 1883, Kalakaua authorized the production of a series of silver coins, including the 10 cent, 25 cent, 50 cent, and 1 dollar denominations. These coins were minted at the San Francisco Mint, as Hawaii lacked its own minting facilities. The introduction of these coins was a major step in the kingdom's efforts to assert its monetary independence and stabilize its economy.
The obverse of the Hawaii 25 Cents 1883 KM#5 silver coin features a right-facing portrait of King Kalakaua, the last reigning king of Hawaii. The portrait is encircled by the inscription "KALAKAUA I KING OF HAWAII," highlighting his royal status and authority. This likeness of the king was designed by Charles Barber, the chief engraver at the U.S. Mint, who was renowned for his work on various American coin designs. The portrait of King Kalakaua is detailed and well-executed, reflecting the craftsmanship and skill of the engraver.
The reverse of the coin displays the Hawaiian coat of arms, a complex and symbolic design. The coat of arms features a shield divided into quarters, representing the eight main islands of Hawaii. The shield is flanked by two Kamehameha warriors, symbolizing strength and protection. Above the shield is a crown, representing the monarchy, and below is a banner with the motto "UA MAU KE EA O KA AINA I KA PONO," which translates to "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness." This motto is deeply rooted in Hawaiian culture and embodies the kingdom's values and principles.
The Hawaii 25 Cents 1883 KM#5 coin was minted in 90% silver, with a diameter of 24.26 mm and a weight of 6.25 grams. The coin's edge is reeded, a common feature in coinage that helps prevent counterfeiting and adds to the coin's aesthetic appeal. The San Francisco Mint produced a total of 500,000 of these 25 cent coins in 1883. However, a significant portion of these coins was later melted down following Hawaii's annexation by the United States in 1898, making surviving examples relatively scarce and highly sought after by collectors.
The XF (Extremely Fine) grade assigned to this coin indicates that it exhibits light wear from circulation, but all major design elements remain clear and legible. In XF condition, the coin retains much of its original detail, including the intricate features of King Kalakaua's portrait and the complex elements of the Hawaiian coat of arms. The wear is typically even, with some smoothing on the highest points of the design, but overall the coin maintains a pleasing appearance and significant historical value.
Beyond its numismatic value, the Hawaii 25 Cents 1883 KM#5 silver coin offers valuable insights into the history and culture of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It serves as a tangible reminder of a period when Hawaii was an independent nation, striving to assert its sovereignty and economic stability. The coin's design elements reflect the pride and heritage of the Hawaiian people, encapsulating important symbols of the kingdom's identity and governance.
In conclusion, the Hawaii 25 Cents 1883 KM#5 XF silver coin is a significant piece of Hawaiian history and a prized collectible. Its detailed design, historical context, and relative scarcity make it a valuable addition to any numismatic collection. The coin not only represents a pivotal moment in Hawaii's journey towards modernization and independence but also serves as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and enduring legacy of the Hawaiian monarchy. Collectors and historians alike treasure this coin for its beauty, historical significance, and the story it tells of Hawaii's past.