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The Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1909, designated as KM#792, stands as a remarkable piece of numismatic history from the late Victorian era. This small denomination coin, valued at one-fourth of a penny, reflects the social and economic landscape of Britain at a time when the country was at the peak of its imperial power. The farthing served as a crucial part of daily commerce, facilitating small transactions for the working class during a period characterized by rapid industrialization and urbanization.
By 1909, the British Empire was the largest in history, encompassing vast territories across multiple continents. This extensive reach influenced the economy and trade patterns within Britain, making the farthing a vital currency for everyday purchases. As cities expanded and the population grew, the need for smaller denominations became increasingly important. The farthing, therefore, was not merely a coin but a reflection of the purchasing power of the average citizen, enabling them to engage in the economic activities that were fundamental to their daily lives.
The obverse of the 1909 farthing features a finely executed portrait of King Edward VII, who reigned from 1901 until his death in 1910. This portrait was designed by the artist George Edward Watts and portrays the king with a distinguished demeanor, wearing a crown and surrounded by the inscription “EDWARD VII DEI GRA BRITT OMN REX FID DEF,” which translates to “Edward VII, by the Grace of God, King of all Britons, Defender of the Faith.” This inscription not only affirms the king's royal authority but also evokes a sense of national pride and stability during a time of change.
The reverse side of the coin displays the iconic image of Britannia, a personification of Britain, seated and holding a trident, with a shield featuring the Union Jack. The design communicates strength and resilience, representing the nation's naval power and imperial aspirations. The inscription “ONE FARTHING” clearly denotes the coin's value, along with the date “1909.” This imagery has been a staple of British coinage and encapsulates the values associated with the nation during the era, resonating with a sense of heritage and identity.
Minted at the Royal Mint, the 1909 farthing exemplifies the high standards of craftsmanship that characterized British coin production. The coin is produced in bronze, which gives it a distinct reddish-brown hue that has contributed to its classification as BN (Bronze) in numismatic terminology. The quality of the coin, graded as UNC (Uncirculated), signifies that it has been preserved in excellent condition, with sharp details and minimal signs of wear. This level of preservation enhances the coin's desirability among collectors, as it allows for a deeper appreciation of its design and historical significance.
Approximately 2.8 million pieces of the 1909 farthing were minted, making it a relatively common date within the farthing series. While this mintage might suggest an abundance of these coins, the reality is that many have been lost to time or worn down through circulation. High-quality examples, especially those in Uncirculated condition, have become increasingly sought after by collectors, further elevating their status in the market. The allure of owning a piece of history in such remarkable condition is a driving factor for numismatists, who often look for coins that can tell a story of their time.
The historical context surrounding the 1909 farthing is particularly significant as it was minted during a period of social and economic change in Britain. The early 20th century was marked by increasing industrialization, leading to a shift in the economy and the lifestyles of the British populace. The farthing became a crucial element of this transition, as it facilitated everyday transactions in an increasingly urbanized society. The use of the farthing by ordinary people highlights its importance beyond mere currency; it served as a connection to the everyday lives of individuals during a transformative era.
The design elements of the 1909 farthing not only encapsulate the artistic trends of the time but also convey a deeper message about British identity. The depiction of Britannia symbolizes national pride and the strength of the British Empire, resonating with themes of unity and resilience. This farthing serves as more than just a coin; it embodies the values, aspirations, and identity of a nation at a critical juncture in its history.
As a collectible, the 1909 Great Britain 1 Farthing is an appealing choice for both novice and experienced numismatists. Its artistic design, historical significance, and limited availability of well-preserved examples make it a valuable addition to any collection. The farthing not only represents currency but also serves as a tangible link to the past, allowing collectors to explore the stories and experiences of those who lived during the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods.
In conclusion, the Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1909 is a captivating coin that reflects a pivotal moment in British history. Its design, craftsmanship, and cultural context combine to create a valuable artifact that resonates with collectors and historians alike. As a piece of numismatic art, the 1909 farthing is a testament to the enduring legacy of British coinage and the stories embedded within each coin, waiting to be discovered and appreciated for generations to come.