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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1902 KM#792 is a significant coin that reflects the economic and cultural landscape of early 20th-century Britain. Despite its small denomination, the farthing played an essential role in everyday commerce, facilitating the purchase of low-value goods and services during a time when even the smallest units of currency were vital. The 1902 farthing is particularly noteworthy as it marks the beginning of King Edward VII's reign, following the long Victorian era.
The farthing has a long and storied history in British coinage, serving as an integral part of the monetary system for centuries. By the early 20th century, the farthing was indispensable for minor transactions, facilitating everyday purchases such as newspapers, food items, and other small goods. The 1902 farthing was minted during a period of significant transition, as Britain moved from the Victorian era into the Edwardian era under King Edward VII.
The obverse of the 1902 farthing features the bust of King Edward VII, who reigned from 1901 to 1910. This design, created by George William de Saulles, depicts the king facing right, adorned in a formal military uniform. The inscription around the portrait reads "EDWARDVS VII D:G: BRITT: OMN: REX F:D: IND: IMP:," which stands for "Edward VII, by the Grace of God, King of all the Britains, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India." This legend emphasizes his sovereign authority and the expansive reach of the British Empire during his reign.
The reverse of the coin showcases Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident and shield. This imagery has been a traditional symbol of British maritime strength and power for centuries. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is prominently displayed, with the date "1902" situated beneath it. These design elements serve both functional and decorative purposes, clearly indicating the coin's value and year of minting while celebrating Britain's national identity.
Minted in bronze, the 1902 farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The use of bronze for lower denomination coins marked an advancement in minting technology, providing a durable and corrosion-resistant material. This composition ensured the coin's longevity and resilience in circulation, making it well-suited to the rigors of daily use.
The mintage of the 1902 farthing was substantial, reflecting its importance in the everyday economic activities of early 20th-century Britain. While exact mintage figures can be elusive due to historical record-keeping practices, farthings from this period were produced in large quantities to meet the demands of a growing population and expanding economy.
In terms of condition, coins in About Uncirculated (AU) grade, like the 1902 farthing, exhibit very minimal wear on the high points of the design. In AU condition, the intricate details of King Edward VII's portrait and the figure of Britannia remain sharp and well-defined, with only the slightest signs of circulation. The wear is generally negligible, and the coin retains a significant amount of its original mint luster, making it a highly desirable piece for collectors.
Great Britain has a rich and varied numismatic history, with coins like the 1902 farthing serving as tangible connections to the past. These coins reflect the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings provides insight into the daily life of early 20th-century Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during the early 20th century is its continued prominence as a global industrial and imperial power. The country was at the height of its imperial influence, with territories and colonies spanning the globe. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval supremacy and its control over international trade routes, reinforcing the nation's influence and power during this transformative era.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1902 KM#792 in About Uncirculated condition is a valuable piece for collectors, offering a snapshot of early 20th-century Britain. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.