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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1900 KM#788.2 is a significant coin that provides a glimpse into the economic and cultural context of late Victorian Britain. Although small in denomination, the farthing played a crucial role in everyday commerce, facilitating the purchase of low-value goods and services at a time when even the smallest units of currency were vital. The 1900 farthing is notable for its historical context and the high level of craftsmanship of the Royal Mint.
The farthing has a long-standing history in British coinage, serving as an essential part of the monetary system for centuries. By the 19th century, the farthing was indispensable for minor transactions, facilitating everyday purchases such as newspapers, food items, and other small goods. The 1900 farthing was minted during a period of significant industrial growth and social change in Britain, reflecting the nation's economic expansion and modernization under Queen Victoria's long reign.
The obverse of the 1900 farthing features the "Old Head" or "Veiled Head" portrait of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. This design, created by Thomas Brock, depicts the Queen in her later years, wearing a veil and a small crown. The inscription around the portrait reads "VICTORIA D:G: BRITT: REG: F:D:," which stands for "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This legend emphasizes her sovereign authority and the divine right of her monarchy.
The reverse of the coin showcases Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident and shield. This imagery has been a traditional symbol of British maritime strength and power for centuries. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is prominently displayed, with the date "1900" situated beneath it. These design elements serve both functional and decorative purposes, clearly indicating the coin's value and year of minting while celebrating Britain's national identity.
Minted in bronze, the 1900 farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The use of bronze for lower denomination coins marked an advancement in minting technology, providing a durable and corrosion-resistant material. This composition ensured the coin's longevity and resilience in circulation, making it well-suited to the rigors of daily use.
The mintage of the 1900 farthing was substantial, reflecting its importance in the everyday economic activities of Victorian Britain. While exact mintage figures can be elusive due to historical record-keeping practices, farthings from this period were produced in large quantities to meet the demands of a growing population and expanding economy.
In terms of condition, coins in Extremely Fine (XF) grade, like the 1900 farthing, exhibit minimal wear on the high points of the design. In XF condition, the intricate details of Queen Victoria's portrait and the figure of Britannia remain sharp and well-defined, with only slight signs of circulation. The wear is generally even, and the coin retains much of its original mint luster, making it a highly desirable piece for collectors.
Great Britain has a rich and varied numismatic history, with coins like the 1900 farthing serving as tangible connections to the past. These coins reflect the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings provides insight into the daily life of Victorian Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during the Victorian era is its leadership in the Industrial Revolution. This period saw unprecedented technological advancements and economic growth, establishing Britain as the world's leading industrial power. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval supremacy and its control over global trade routes, reinforcing the nation's influence and power during this transformative era.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1900 KM#788.2 in Extremely Fine condition is a valuable piece for collectors, offering a snapshot of Victorian Britain. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.