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The Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1900, cataloged as KM#753, is a noteworthy example of late Victorian coinage that captures a moment in time characterized by significant social and economic changes. As a small denomination coin, the farthing, which equals one-fourth of a penny, served as an important currency for daily transactions in Britain, particularly for the working classes in the rapidly industrializing cities. This period marked the height of Queen Victoria's reign, during which Britain was experiencing profound transformations brought on by the Industrial Revolution.
By the year 1900, the British Empire was at its zenith, extending across various continents and showcasing Britain’s economic and military power. The farthing, along with other small denomination coins, played a crucial role in everyday commerce, especially in urban areas where affordability was key for the average citizen. As Britain urbanized and industrialized, the need for coins that could facilitate small transactions became increasingly apparent, making the farthing a staple in the pockets of many.
The obverse of the 1900 farthing features a finely detailed portrait of Queen Victoria, designed by Sir Edward Charles Wyon. The portrait depicts the queen with a regal demeanor, adorned with a diadem, which signifies her royal status. Surrounding her image is the inscription "VICTORIA DEI GRATIA," meaning "Victoria, by the Grace of God." This inscription reinforces the divine right of the monarchy, reflecting the established order of British society during this period. The portrayal of Queen Victoria on the coin is significant, as she had become a symbol of stability and continuity for the nation throughout her long reign.
On the reverse side, the design showcases the figure of Britannia, a personification of Britain and a symbol of national pride. Britannia is depicted seated, holding a trident and leaning against a shield that features the Union Flag. The inscription “ONE FARTHING” clearly indicates the denomination of the coin, alongside the date “1900.” This imagery evokes feelings of strength and resilience, reinforcing Britain's maritime prowess and imperial ambitions at the turn of the century.
The Royal Mint produced the 1900 farthing with exceptional craftsmanship, maintaining high standards in minting that characterized this period. Coins produced during this time are known for their attention to detail and artistic design, making them highly sought after by collectors. Graded as AU (About Uncirculated), this coin exhibits sharp details and minimal signs of wear, reflecting its excellent preservation over the years. This quality enhances its appeal to numismatists, as it allows for an appreciation of both its historical significance and its aesthetic qualities.
Approximately 2.5 million pieces of the 1900 farthing were minted, a figure that underscores its commonality during its circulation. While this mintage may seem substantial, many coins were lost, damaged, or simply worn down due to circulation, making high-quality examples increasingly rare. Coins in AU condition are particularly desirable among collectors, as they represent a balance between availability and quality, ensuring that each piece can be appreciated for its artistry and historical context.
The historical significance of the 1900 farthing extends beyond its monetary function; it serves as a tangible artifact that provides insights into the economic realities of late Victorian Britain. The farthing was not just a coin; it was a vital part of the economic fabric, used in local markets for daily transactions. It reflects the consumer habits and economic conditions of the time, highlighting how ordinary citizens interacted with their economy.
The design elements of the 1900 farthing encapsulate the values and aesthetics of the late Victorian era. The depiction of Britannia symbolizes Britain's maritime power and imperial aspirations, a recurring theme in British coinage. The farthing is more than a mere currency; it embodies the experiences and sentiments of the populace, linking it to the broader narrative of British history and identity at the turn of the century.
As a collectible, the 1900 Great Britain 1 Farthing attracts a diverse audience of numismatists, from those interested in British history to those focused on Victorian artifacts. The coin's aesthetic qualities, historical context, and limited availability of well-preserved examples enhance its appeal and value in today’s market. Collectors often seek pieces that not only represent currency but also tell a story, and this farthing does just that.
In conclusion, the Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1900 is a remarkable coin that encapsulates a pivotal moment in British history, characterized by growth and transformation. Its design, historical context, and limited mintage contribute to its desirability among collectors. The farthing serves as a testament to the daily lives of ordinary citizens during a time of significant change, making it a valuable addition to any numismatic collection. Through its intricate design and rich history, the 1900 farthing continues to resonate with those who appreciate the artistry and significance of currency throughout time.