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The Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1884, cataloged as KM#753, represents a notable piece of Victorian coinage that reflects the era’s economic conditions and social dynamics. The farthing, a denomination meaning "one-fourth," has deep historical roots in British currency, dating back to the 13th century. By the late 19th century, the farthing had become an essential coin for everyday transactions, especially for the working class in urban centers experiencing rapid industrial growth and population expansion.
Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901, a period marked by significant changes in British society, including the rise of the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of the British Empire. The 1884 farthing serves as a representation of this transformative era, during which the coin became increasingly important for the daily lives of ordinary citizens. As prices for goods and services rose in the growing urban environments, the farthing filled a crucial role in facilitating small transactions, enabling people to purchase everyday items with ease.
The obverse of the 1884 farthing features an elegant portrait of Queen Victoria, created by the engraver Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm. This depiction portrays the queen in her later years, distinguished by her regal demeanor and adorned with a tiara and jewels. The inscription surrounding her image reads “VICTORIA DEI GRATIA,” meaning “Victoria, by the Grace of God.” This phrase reinforces the divine right of the monarch, a theme that was prevalent in royal coinage during this time. Boehm’s design is characterized by its attention to detail and artistry, capturing both the dignity of the queen and the values of the Victorian age.
On the reverse side, the design features the iconic image of Britannia, a personification of Britain that has been used on British coinage for centuries. In this depiction, Britannia is shown seated, holding a trident and shield, symbolizing maritime strength and national pride. The inscription “ONE FARTHING” prominently displays the coin’s denomination, alongside the date “1884.” The imagery serves not only to identify the coin’s value but also to evoke a sense of national identity and strength during a time when the British Empire was at its zenith.
Minted at the Royal Mint, known for its high-quality coin production, the 1884 farthing was crafted with precision and care. The Royal Mint has a long-standing tradition of producing currency that reflects both artistic merit and practical functionality. Coins from this mint, particularly those graded as AU (About Uncirculated), display sharp details and minimal wear, indicating their excellent preservation over the years. The quality of these coins makes them desirable for collectors, as they can be appreciated not just for their monetary value but also for their artistic qualities.
The mintage figures for the 1884 farthing are significant, with approximately 5.5 million coins struck. While this number might appear substantial, many coins were lost or damaged during their circulation, making well-preserved examples increasingly rare. Coins graded as AU are particularly sought after by collectors due to their aesthetic appeal and historical significance. The limited availability of high-quality coins enhances their desirability in today’s numismatic market, where collectors seek pieces that tell a story and connect them to the past.
The 1884 farthing’s significance extends beyond its role as currency; it serves as a historical artifact that reflects the economic realities of its time. As Britain continued to industrialize and urbanize, small denominations like the farthing became essential for facilitating daily commerce. This coin played a critical role in local markets, where low prices and frequent transactions necessitated the use of smaller denominations. The farthing enabled the working class to engage in everyday commerce, emphasizing its importance in the social fabric of Victorian Britain.
The design elements of the 1884 farthing capture the values and sentiments of the Victorian era, highlighting national pride and stability. The depiction of Britannia symbolizes Britain’s maritime power and imperial aspirations during a period of significant global influence. The farthing is not merely a piece of currency; it represents the experiences of the people during a time of change and growth, linking the coin to the broader narrative of British history.
As a collectible item, the 1884 Great Britain 1 Farthing appeals to a wide range of numismatists, from those interested in British history to collectors of Victorian artifacts. The coin's artistic features, historical context, and limited mintage make it a desirable piece for any collection. Moreover, the high-quality examples in the AU grade serve as beautiful display pieces that showcase both the craftsmanship of the Royal Mint and the cultural significance of the coin.
In summary, the Great Britain 1 Farthing of 1884 is a remarkable coin that encapsulates a pivotal period in British history, characterized by transformation and growth. Its design, historical context, and limited mintage contribute to its desirability among collectors. The farthing stands as a testament to the daily lives of ordinary people and their interactions with a rapidly changing economic landscape, making it a valuable addition to any numismatic collection.