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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1881 KM#753 is a captivating coin that offers a rich glimpse into the economic and cultural history of Victorian Britain. This small denomination, though modest in value, played a crucial role in everyday transactions, providing a means for purchasing low-value goods and services in an era where even a penny held significant purchasing power. The 1881 farthing is notable not only for its historical context but also for the fine craftsmanship of the Royal Mint.
The farthing has been a part of British coinage for centuries, evolving in design and composition to meet the needs of the economy. By the 19th century, the farthing was essential for minor transactions, making it a staple in the pockets and purses of everyday Britons. The 1881 farthing was minted during a period of significant industrial and social change in Britain, reflecting the nation's growth and modernization.
The obverse of the 1881 farthing features the iconic "Bun Head" portrait of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. This design, created by Leonard Charles Wyon, depicts the young queen with her hair styled in a bun, a look that became emblematic of her early and mid-reign coinage. The inscription around the portrait reads "VICTORIA D:G: BRITT: REG: F:D:," which translates to "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This legend underscores her sovereign authority and the religious aspect of her rule.
The reverse of the coin showcases Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident and shield. This imagery is a longstanding symbol of British strength and maritime dominance. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is prominently displayed, with the date "1881" situated beneath it. The design elements are both functional and decorative, clearly indicating the coin's value and year of minting while celebrating Britain's national identity.
Minted in bronze, the 1881 farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The transition to bronze for lower denomination coins marked an advancement in minting technology, providing a more durable and corrosion-resistant material. This composition ensured the coin's longevity and resilience in circulation, making it well-suited to everyday use.
The mintage of the 1881 farthing was substantial, reflecting its importance in the daily economic activities of Victorian Britain. Exact mintage figures can be elusive due to historical record-keeping practices, but farthings from this period were produced in large numbers to meet the demands of a growing population and expanding economy.
In terms of condition, coins in Very Fine (VF) grade, like the 1881 farthing, exhibit moderate wear but retain significant detail. In VF condition, the major elements of Queen Victoria's portrait and Britannia are clearly visible, though they show signs of circulation. The wear is generally even, and the coin maintains an appealing appearance, making it a valuable piece for collectors.
Great Britain has a rich and varied numismatic history, with coins like the 1881 farthing serving as tangible connections to the past. These coins reflect the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings offers insight into the daily life of Victorian Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during the Victorian era is its leadership in the Industrial Revolution. This period saw unprecedented technological advancements and economic growth, establishing Britain as the world's leading industrial power. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval supremacy and its control over global trade routes, reinforcing the nation's influence and power during this transformative era.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1881 KM#753 in Very Fine condition is a valuable piece for collectors, offering a snapshot of Victorian Britain. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.