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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1875H KM#753 is a fascinating coin that embodies the rich history and intricate craftsmanship of Victorian-era British coinage. This denomination, though small, played a crucial role in everyday transactions, facilitating the purchase of low-value goods and services in an age where even a penny had significant purchasing power. The 1875H farthing stands out not only for its historical context but also for the precision and artistry of the Royal Mint's production.
The farthing has a long history in British coinage, dating back to medieval times. By the 19th century, it had become an essential part of the British monetary system, particularly useful for minor transactions. The 1875H farthing was minted during a period of economic expansion and industrial growth in Britain, reflecting the need for a diverse range of coin denominations to support the growing economy.
The obverse of the 1875H farthing features the iconic "Bun Head" portrait of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. This design, created by Leonard Charles Wyon, depicts the young queen with her hair in a bun, a style that became synonymous with her early reign. The inscription around the portrait reads "VICTORIA D:G: BRITT: REG: F:D:," which translates to "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This inscription highlights the Queen's authority and the religious aspects of her rule.
The reverse of the coin is equally significant, showcasing Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident and a shield. This iconic imagery symbolizes Britain's naval dominance and its role as a global power. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is clearly stated, with the date "1875" situated beneath it. The "H" mintmark indicates that this coin was struck at the Heaton Mint in Birmingham, a private mint contracted by the Royal Mint to produce coins during periods of high demand.
Minted in bronze, the 1875H farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The use of bronze for lower denomination coins was practical, providing durability and longevity in circulation. This composition reflected advancements in minting technology and the need for robust and manageable coinage.
The mintage of the 1875H farthing was substantial, although exact figures are often difficult to determine due to historical record-keeping practices. Coins produced at the Heaton Mint are noted for their quality and consistency. Today, these farthings are relatively common, but those in exceptional condition, such as Extremely Fine (XF), are particularly valued by collectors.
Coins in Extremely Fine (XF) condition, like the 1875H farthing, exhibit minimal wear on the high points of the design, with sharp details and only slight signs of circulation. In XF condition, the intricate details of Queen Victoria's portrait and the figure of Britannia remain crisp and well-defined, retaining much of the original mint luster and appeal.
Great Britain has a rich and varied numismatic history, with coins like the 1875H farthing serving as tangible connections to the past. These coins reflect the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings provides insight into daily life in Victorian Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during this period is its leadership in the Industrial Revolution. The country was a hub of technological innovation and economic expansion, influencing global trade and commerce. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval supremacy and its strategic importance in maintaining control over international trade routes.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1875H KM#753 in Extremely Fine condition is a valuable piece for collectors, providing a snapshot of Victorian Britain. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.