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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1860 KM#747.2 is a remarkable coin from the mid-19th century, reflecting the historical and economic contexts of Victorian Britain. This farthing, a small yet significant denomination, was essential for everyday transactions during an era when even the smallest units of currency held considerable purchasing power. The 1860 farthing stands out due to its historical significance and the craftsmanship of the Royal Mint.
The history of the farthing dates back centuries, but by 1860, it had become a vital part of the British monetary system. The farthing was used extensively for minor purchases, allowing for precise monetary transactions in an expanding economy. The coin's issuance in 1860 came at a time of significant industrial and social change in Britain, marking its importance in the daily lives of the people.
The obverse of the 1860 farthing features the portrait of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. This particular design, known as the "Bun Head" or "Young Head," was created by Leonard Charles Wyon, an acclaimed engraver of the period. The inscription around the portrait reads "VICTORIA D:G: BRITT: REG: F:D:", which stands for "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This legend emphasizes her authority and the divine right of the monarchy.
The reverse of the coin showcases Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident and a shield. This iconic design symbolizes Britain's maritime strength and enduring power. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is clearly stated, with the date "1860" situated beneath it. The inclusion of these elements serves to identify the coin's value and year of minting, enhancing both its aesthetic appeal and practical use.
Minted in bronze, the 1860 farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The transition to bronze from earlier copper compositions was a significant change, reflecting advancements in minting technology and the need for more durable and manageable coinage. The use of bronze ensured the coin's longevity and resilience in circulation.
The mintage of the 1860 farthing was substantial, though exact figures are challenging to determine due to historical record-keeping practices. These coins were produced in large numbers to meet the demands of a growing and industrializing nation. Today, while these farthings are relatively common, those in exceptional condition, such as Extremely Fine (XF), are particularly valued by collectors.
Coins in Extremely Fine (XF) condition, like the 1860 farthing, exhibit minimal wear on the high points of the design, with sharp details and only slight signs of circulation. In XF condition, the intricate details of Queen Victoria's portrait and the figure of Britannia remain crisp and well-defined, retaining much of the original mint luster.
Great Britain has a rich and diverse numismatic history, with coins like the 1860 farthing serving as tangible connections to the past. These coins provide insights into the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings offers a window into the daily life of Victorian Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during this period is its role as the world's leading industrial power. The country's advancements in industry, trade, and technology were reflected in its coinage, which needed to be both practical and symbolic of its global influence. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval dominance and its control over international trade routes.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1860 KM#747.2 in Extremely Fine condition is a valuable piece for collectors, providing a snapshot of Victorian Britain. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.