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The Great Britain 1/2 penny of 1901, identified as KM#789, represents a significant moment in British numismatic history, capturing the transition at the end of Queen Victoria's reign. Struck in the year of her death, this coin serves not only as a monetary unit but also as a poignant historical artifact, symbolizing the close of a long and impactful era. The halfpenny, commonly used in everyday transactions, held great importance in the economy of early 20th-century Britain, reflecting both the cultural and economic realities of the time.
Queen Victoria's reign lasted from 1837 until her passing in January 1901, marking a period of vast change and expansion for the British Empire. By the time of the 1901 halfpenny, the empire had grown to become the largest in history, influencing global trade, politics, and culture. The halfpenny coin, used widely by the working class, played a vital role in facilitating everyday commerce, from purchasing food and household goods to smaller transactions in burgeoning urban centers. Its availability was crucial for the daily lives of countless individuals navigating the rapidly industrializing society.
The obverse of the 1901 halfpenny features a finely crafted portrait of Queen Victoria, designed by the engraver Sir Edward Poynter. The queen is depicted in a left-facing profile, adorned with her distinctive crown and veil. Surrounding her portrait is the inscription “VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF,” which translates to “Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of Britain, Defender of the Faith.” This inscription highlights the enduring role of the monarchy in British society, reinforcing the connection between the queen and her subjects at a time of profound national pride.
The reverse of the coin displays the emblematic image of Britannia, the personification of Britain, seated on a rock. She holds a trident in her right hand and a shield featuring the Union Jack in her left, signifying strength and resilience. The inscription “HALF PENNY” is prominently featured above Britannia, clearly indicating the coin's denomination. This imagery evokes a sense of national identity and pride, particularly significant during a period when the British Empire was at its height, reflecting the values and aspirations of the nation.
The 1901 halfpenny was minted in bronze, a material commonly used for British coins during this period. The coin's condition is graded as RB (Red-Brown), indicating that it retains much of its original luster and color, making it an attractive collectible for numismatists. Coins in such excellent condition are highly sought after, as they showcase the artistry and craftsmanship of the era while preserving their historical significance. The details of both the queen and Britannia are well-defined, further enhancing the appeal of this particular piece.
Approximately 5.5 million pieces of the 1901 halfpenny were struck, reflecting its practical use in circulation. This relatively high mintage indicates that the halfpenny was widely utilized during its time, playing a crucial role in everyday transactions across the country. However, despite the mintage, the survival rate of coins in uncirculated or RB condition is limited due to the wear and tear that circulated coins typically endure. Thus, high-quality examples like this one are becoming increasingly valuable in the collector's market.
The context surrounding the 1901 halfpenny is particularly poignant, as it represents a significant moment in British history. The death of Queen Victoria marked the end of a long and transformative reign, during which Britain experienced significant social, political, and technological changes. The halfpenny coin thus serves as a reminder of the past, connecting modern collectors to a time of both prosperity and challenge. The transition from Victoria to the new king, Edward VII, signified a shift in the monarchy and its role in the British Empire.
As a collectible, the 1901 Great Britain 1/2 penny is attractive not only for its historical context but also for its design and craftsmanship. Coins from this era tell a story, and the 1901 halfpenny encapsulates the essence of a society on the brink of the modern age. Its depiction of Queen Victoria and Britannia resonates with collectors who appreciate the artistry and significance of numismatic pieces. The halfpenny coin stands as a tangible link to the past, embodying the values, challenges, and achievements of the Victorian era.
In conclusion, the Great Britain 1/2 penny of 1901 is more than just a coin; it is a significant piece of history that encapsulates the transition of an empire. Its design, historical significance, and the quality of its preservation contribute to its allure as a collectible item. The 1901 halfpenny serves as a reminder of a bygone era, connecting present-day collectors to the rich narrative of British history. As the interest in Victorian coinage continues to grow, the 1/2 penny remains a prized addition to any numismatic collection, representing a unique intersection of art, culture, and history.