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The Great Britain 1/2 penny 1890 KM#754 XF is an important coin in British numismatic history, reflecting the economic and cultural context of the late 19th century. This coin, minted during the reign of Queen Victoria, is valued for its intricate design, historical significance, and the craftsmanship of the Royal Mint. The halfpenny was a crucial part of British coinage, widely used for everyday transactions and essential in the country's monetary system.
The halfpenny has a long history in British currency, dating back to the medieval period. By the 19th century, it had become an essential small denomination, facilitating minor transactions and making commerce more convenient. The 1890 halfpenny is part of the bronze coinage introduced in 1860, replacing the larger copper halfpennies. This change reflected advancements in minting technology and the need for more practical coinage during the Victorian era, a time of significant industrialization and urbanization in Britain.
The obverse of the 1890 halfpenny features the portrait of Queen Victoria, designed by Leonard Charles Wyon. This "Bun Head" portrait depicts the young queen facing left, wearing a coronet, with her hair styled in a bun at the back of her head. The inscription "VICTORIA D G BRITT REG F D" surrounds the portrait, which translates to "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This depiction of Victoria was used on coinage from 1860 to 1894, marking a significant period in British history.
The reverse design of the Great Britain 1/2 penny 1890 KM#754 was also created by Leonard Charles Wyon. It features Britannia, the personification of Britain, seated and facing right. Britannia is depicted holding a trident in her left hand and a shield bearing the Union Jack in her right. The word "HALF PENNY" is inscribed above, and the date "1890" is below. The design is completed with a ship in the background, symbolizing Britain's naval power and maritime heritage, and a lighthouse to her left, indicating guidance and stability.
The coin is struck in bronze, a material chosen for its durability and resistance to wear. The bronze composition, consisting of 95% copper, 4% tin, and 1% zinc, provided the coins with a distinctive color and robustness suitable for everyday use. The 1890 halfpenny measures approximately 25 millimeters in diameter and weighs around 5.67 grams.
The mintage of the 1890 halfpenny was significant, as it was produced to meet the demands of a growing population and a bustling economy. Although precise mintage figures are not readily available, the coin is relatively common compared to other Victorian halfpennies. Despite the high production numbers, the condition of surviving coins varies, with well-preserved examples being particularly sought after by collectors.
The condition of this specific coin is graded as Extremely Fine (XF), indicating that it has seen very little circulation and retains most of its original detail. Coins in XF condition show only slight wear on the highest points of the design, with sharp details and a pleasing overall appearance. For collectors, a coin in XF grade represents a good balance between affordability and preserving historical detail.
During Queen Victoria's reign, the British Empire experienced substantial political and economic changes, including the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of the British Empire. The halfpenny coinage of this period reflects the technological advancements and artistic achievements of the era. The detailed designs by Leonard Charles Wyon showcase the skill and craftsmanship of the Royal Mint, making these coins valuable pieces of history.
Collectors treasure the Great Britain 1/2 penny 1890 KM#754 not only for its numismatic worth but also for its historical significance. Each coin serves as a tangible link to the Victorian era, offering insights into the social and economic conditions of the time. The halfpenny was a common coin in everyday transactions, making it a direct connection to the lives of ordinary people during the 19th century.
British coinage has a long tradition of celebrating the nation's history and heritage through detailed and meaningful designs. The 1890 halfpenny is a prime example of this tradition, encapsulating the essence of Victorian Britain and the values of the era. Its presence in the hands of collectors today helps preserve the legacy of a transformative period in British history.
In conclusion, the Great Britain 1/2 penny 1890 KM#754 XF is a remarkable numismatic artifact. Its design, historical context, and condition make it a prized addition to any collection. This coin not only represents a period of significant change and growth in British history but also showcases the enduring legacy of Queen Victoria's reign and the artistry of the Royal Mint.