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The Great Britain 1/2 penny of 1887, designated KM#754, is a remarkable representation of Victorian-era coinage, reflecting both the aesthetic qualities and the socio-economic conditions of its time. This coin was minted during the latter part of Queen Victoria's reign, a period characterized by significant industrial growth, expansion of the British Empire, and profound changes in society. The halfpenny played a crucial role in everyday transactions, particularly among the working class, facilitating the growing consumer economy that emerged in this era.
Queen Victoria ascended to the throne in 1837 and became a symbol of stability and national pride throughout her reign, which lasted until 1901. The 1887 halfpenny was minted during the celebration of her Golden Jubilee, marking 50 years of her reign. This jubilee was not only a celebration of her long service but also a reflection of the empire's vastness and the societal changes that had occurred during her time. The halfpenny coin, along with other denominations, became a vital part of the everyday life of British citizens, particularly as the Industrial Revolution brought about new economic realities and opportunities.
The obverse of the 1887 halfpenny features a well-executed portrait of Queen Victoria, crafted by the engraver Sir Joseph Boehm. The queen is depicted in profile, facing left, adorned with a diadem and veil. The inscription surrounding her likeness reads “VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF,” which translates to “Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of Britain, Defender of the Faith.” This phrasing emphasizes the divine right of monarchy and the queen's role as a protector of the Church of England, reinforcing the traditional values that underpinned British society at the time.
On the reverse side, the design prominently features Britannia, the personification of Britain, seated upon a rock, holding a trident in one hand and a shield emblazoned with the Union Jack in the other. This imagery symbolizes strength, protection, and the enduring spirit of the British people. The word “HALF PENNY” is inscribed above, clearly denoting the coin's denomination. Britannia has been a recurring figure on British coinage, and her depiction on this halfpenny evokes a sense of national pride, particularly during a period of imperial expansion and military prowess.
The coin is minted in bronze, exhibiting a rich, warm tone that is characteristic of British coins from this period. This particular 1887 halfpenny is graded as AU (About Uncirculated), indicating that it has been preserved remarkably well, showing only minimal signs of wear. The details of both the queen and Britannia are sharp, and the inscriptions are clear, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the coin. Collectors highly value coins in such condition, as they represent both historical significance and artistry.
Regarding its mintage, approximately 10 million pieces of the 1887 halfpenny were struck. This relatively high mintage reflects the coin's practicality and its role in daily transactions. However, the survival rate of coins from this era, combined with the number of pieces that were heavily circulated, means that high-quality examples, such as the AU graded coin, are becoming increasingly scarce in the market. The demand for coins from this period, especially those with historical significance like the 1887 halfpenny, adds to their allure for collectors.
The context of the 1887 halfpenny extends beyond its mere function as currency; it encapsulates the spirit of the Victorian era, marked by a burgeoning middle class, expanding consumer culture, and an empire that spanned the globe. This coin, like many others from the time, served as a tangible representation of the economic transactions that defined the lives of millions. The 1/2 penny became essential for everyday purchases, from bread and milk to small household items, making it a staple in the lives of the British people.
Moreover, the designs featured on the coin reflect the values and aspirations of the time. The presence of Queen Victoria and Britannia on the coin not only signifies national identity but also conveys a sense of continuity and stability amidst the changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization. Collectors of Victorian coins often seek pieces that tell a story, and the 1887 halfpenny serves as a narrative thread linking modern collectors to a past filled with transformation and progress.
As a collectible, the 1887 Great Britain 1/2 penny attracts numismatists for its historical context, aesthetic beauty, and craftsmanship. Coins like this one, representing significant milestones in British history, are treasured not only for their monetary value but also for the stories they tell. The combination of its well-preserved condition, significant mintage, and rich historical background makes the 1887 halfpenny a prized addition to any collection.
In summary, the Great Britain 1/2 penny of 1887 is much more than a simple coin; it is a piece of history that encapsulates the essence of a bygone era. Its design, historical context, and durability contribute to its status as a collectible item. This halfpenny serves as a reminder of a time when coins were integral to everyday life, connecting the present to the past and ensuring its place in the annals of numismatic history. As collectors continue to seek out coins that reflect the rich tapestry of human experience, the 1887 halfpenny stands out as a symbol of both cultural heritage and economic development in Victorian Britain.