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The 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar is a historically significant coin from the early days of American numismatics, representing a period of transition in U.S. coinage. Struck at the Philadelphia Mint, this coin is part of the Capped Bust series designed by John Reich and later modified by Chief Engraver William Kneass. The 1836 issue is notable because it marks the final year in which the Lettered Edge variety was produced before the transition to the Reeded Edge variety later that same year. Collectors highly value this coin for its historical importance, classic design, and role in the evolution of U.S. currency.
The Capped Bust Half Dollar series was introduced in 1807 and remained in production until 1839, featuring several modifications over its lifespan. The design was initially created by John Reich, a talented engraver of German descent who was appointed to improve U.S. coinage designs. Reich’s design included a portrait of Liberty wearing a Phrygian cap, symbolizing freedom and the ideals of the young American republic. Over time, minor changes were made to the design, with Kneass refining elements such as Liberty’s facial features and the positioning of the stars and lettering. By 1836, advancements in minting technology prompted the transition from the traditional Lettered Edge to the new Reeded Edge, which was more compatible with steam-powered coin presses.
The obverse of the 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar features a left-facing portrait of Liberty, her head adorned with a soft cap inscribed with the word “LIBERTY.” Her hair flows beneath the cap, with curls cascading down her neck. Thirteen six-pointed stars, representing the original thirteen American colonies, encircle the portrait, with seven on the left and six on the right. The date “1836” is prominently displayed at the bottom, positioned just below Liberty’s bust. The overall engraving is finely detailed, with careful attention given to Liberty’s facial expression, drapery, and the natural flow of her hair.
The reverse of the 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar showcases a majestic heraldic eagle with outstretched wings, clutching an olive branch in its right talon and a bundle of arrows in its left. The eagle’s breast is covered by a striped shield, symbolizing national unity and strength. Above the eagle, the inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” forms an arc, following the curvature of the rim. Below the eagle, the denomination “50 C.” is clearly displayed, signifying fifty cents. The edges of the coin bear an inscription reading “FIFTY CENTS OR HALF A DOLLAR,” a distinguishing feature of the Lettered Edge variety that was phased out later in 1836 in favor of the simpler reeded edge.
The 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar was struck at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the only mint in operation at the time. The Philadelphia Mint played a crucial role in early American coinage, producing all denominations for the growing nation. The mintage for this specific issue was approximately 6,545,000 coins, a substantial number for the era. Despite this relatively high mintage, many of these coins saw extensive circulation, making well-preserved examples difficult to find today. Additionally, due to the transition to the Reeded Edge variety in the same year, the 1836 Lettered Edge issue holds special interest for numismatists as the final chapter in the Lettered Edge series.
The coin’s condition is certified as VF30 (Very Fine 30) by NGC, one of the leading third-party grading services in numismatics. A grade of VF30 indicates that the coin retains a significant amount of its original detail, though some wear is evident on the highest points of the design. In this grade, Liberty’s hair and cap retain strong definition, and most of the finer details on her portrait are still visible. On the reverse, the eagle’s feathers, shield, and talons remain well-defined, with only moderate wear affecting the highest points. The fields of the coin exhibit light circulation marks but remain free of any major damage, dents, or corrosion.
The presence of the Lettered Edge inscription is a particularly desirable feature for collectors, as it distinguishes this variety from the later Reeded Edge version. The lettering on the edge remains legible, which is an important factor in evaluating the coin’s condition. Many circulated examples exhibit wear that can make the edge lettering faint or partially worn away, but in this VF30 specimen, the edge inscription is still intact, adding to the coin’s historical and numismatic appeal.
The patina of this 1836 Bust Half Dollar is another factor that enhances its eye appeal. The coin has developed a natural, even toning, with soft gray and silver hues that highlight the intricate details of the design. Original patina is a sought-after trait among collectors, as it indicates that the coin has not been excessively cleaned or altered. Harsh cleaning can strip a coin of its natural toning and diminish its value, but this VF30 example has retained its original surface characteristics, making it an attractive acquisition for collectors who appreciate original, well-preserved early American coinage.
The 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar is a historically significant coin that appeals to a wide range of collectors. For those assembling a type set of U.S. half dollars, this issue is essential, as it represents the final year of the Lettered Edge variety before the transition to the Reeded Edge. Collectors focusing on the Bust Half Dollar series also seek this issue due to its pivotal role in U.S. coinage history. Additionally, the coin’s association with the early technological advancements in the U.S. Mint, including the adoption of steam presses, makes it an important piece for numismatic study.
The market for Bust Half Dollars remains strong, particularly for certified coins in mid-to-high grades. Coins graded VF30 offer an excellent balance between affordability and detail, making them an attractive option for collectors who want a well-defined example without paying the premium associated with Mint State or AU specimens. Additionally, coins certified by NGC provide added confidence in authenticity and grade consistency, further enhancing their desirability among collectors and investors alike.
Proper storage and care are essential for preserving the condition of this 1836 Bust Half Dollar. Collectors typically store such coins in protective holders, such as NGC-certified slabs, which provide long-term security against environmental damage. Avoiding excessive handling and storing the coin in a stable, climate-controlled environment helps maintain its appearance and ensures that it continues to appreciate in value over time.
The 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar serves as a fascinating relic from a transitional period in American coinage. Its classic design, historical significance, and connection to advancements in minting technology make it a prized piece for numismatists. Whether collected for its beauty, rarity, or role in numismatic history, this coin continues to captivate those who appreciate early U.S. coinage and its enduring legacy.
Overall, the 1836 Lettered Edge Bust Half Dollar in VF30 condition encapsulates the craftsmanship and historical depth of early American coinage. Its well-preserved design, unique edge inscription, and status as the final Lettered Edge issue make it an important addition to any collection. As a piece of numismatic history, it remains a testament to the artistry and evolution of the U.S. Mint, offering collectors a tangible connection to America’s rich coinage heritage.