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The Canada 1 cent coin from 1909, cataloged as KM#8, is a notable example of early 20th-century Canadian numismatics. This coin, struck during the reign of King Edward VII, represents a period of transition in Canada's history as it moved toward greater independence from British colonial influence. The 1909 1 cent is significant not only for its design but also for the historical context in which it was minted. The year 1909 marks the final year of King Edward VII's reign, making this coin an important piece for collectors interested in this transitional period in Canadian history.
The 1909 1 cent coin was produced by the British Royal Mint, which was responsible for Canadian coinage before the establishment of the Royal Canadian Mint in 1908. The British Royal Mint's involvement ensured that the coin adhered to high standards of quality and design, reflecting the mint's long-standing tradition of producing coins for the British Empire. The coin's production was part of the ongoing effort to provide Canadians with reliable and consistent currency as the country moved towards greater autonomy.
The design of the 1909 1 cent coin features a detailed portrait of King Edward VII on the obverse. The king's effigy is rendered in left-facing profile, showcasing his regal appearance. He is depicted wearing a crown and a robe, and the inscription surrounding his portrait reads "EDWARDVS VII DEI GRA: REX IMP:," which translates to "Edward VII, by the Grace of God, King and Emperor." This inscription emphasizes the king's imperial status and the coin's connection to the broader British Empire.
On the reverse side of the 1909 1 cent coin, a classic Canadian design is featured. The reverse showcases a stylized maple leaf wreath encircling the denomination "1 CENT" and the year "1909." The maple leaf wreath is a symbol of Canadian heritage and national pride, and its inclusion on the coin reinforces the country's identity. The design is framed by a border of fine beads, adding a decorative element and enhancing the overall appearance of the coin. This design reflects the aesthetic preferences of the era and the significance of the maple leaf as a national symbol.
The 1909 1 cent coin is made from bronze, a common material used for low-denomination coins of the time. The coin has a diameter of 19.05 mm and weighs approximately 3.24 grams. Bronze was selected for its durability and cost-effectiveness, making it a practical choice for everyday currency. The composition of the coin is indicative of the economic considerations of the early 20th century, balancing affordability with the need for a durable piece of currency.
The mintage of the 1909 1 cent coin was relatively modest compared to other years, contributing to its appeal among collectors. While exact mintage figures may vary, the production numbers for the 1909 issue were limited, making the coin a sought-after item for those interested in Canadian numismatics. The limited mintage, combined with the historical significance of the coin, enhances its value and desirability in the collector's market.
In terms of condition, the 1909 1 cent coin described as Very Fine (VF) shows noticeable wear from circulation but retains significant detail. In VF condition, the coin will exhibit some flattening of the high points and light wear on the design elements. Despite the wear, the king's portrait and the maple leaf wreath will remain clearly visible. The coin's surface will show signs of handling, with some wear on the edges and fields, yet it will still provide a clear and recognizable representation of the original design.
The Canada 1 cent 1909 KM#8 coin is a valuable piece of Canadian numismatic history. Its design, mintage, and condition reflect the broader context of Canadian coinage during the early 20th century. The coin serves as an important artifact, illustrating the transition from British to Canadian control over coin production and the continued use of traditional design motifs. Collectors and historians appreciate the 1909 1 cent for its historical significance, aesthetic beauty, and its role in Canada's evolving currency system.