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The Canada 1 cent coin from 1904, identified as KM#8 in numismatic catalogs, holds a prominent place in Canadian coinage history. Struck during the reign of King Edward VII, this coin reflects a transitional period in Canadian currency. As Canada navigated the early 20th century, the 1904 1 cent became a symbol of the nation's evolving identity and economic conditions. The coin's production marked a continuation of the British-influenced designs and practices that characterized Canadian coinage before the Royal Canadian Mint's establishment in 1908.
The 1904 1 cent coin was minted by the British Royal Mint, which was responsible for producing Canadian coins prior to the opening of the Royal Canadian Mint. This coin was produced in the same manner as earlier Canadian cents, reflecting the design continuity from the Victorian era into the Edwardian period. The British Royal Mint's involvement in Canadian coinage ensured that the 1904 1 cent adhered to established standards of quality and design, while also serving as a key piece in Canada's numismatic legacy.
The design of the 1904 1 cent coin is characterized by its detailed representation of King Edward VII. On the obverse, the coin features a left-facing bust of the king, depicted with an emphasis on realism and regal presence. Edward VII is shown wearing a crown and robe, surrounded by the inscription "EDWARDVS VII DEI GRA: REX IMP:," which translates to "Edward VII, by the Grace of God, King and Emperor." This inscription emphasizes the king's imperial status and the coin's role within the broader context of the British Empire.
The reverse of the 1904 1 cent coin showcases a classic Canadian design motif—a maple wreath encircling the denomination "1 CENT" and the year "1904." The wreath, a symbol of Canadian pride and heritage, is carefully rendered, surrounding the central text and reinforcing the national identity of the coin. The reverse design is completed with a border of fine beads, which add a decorative touch and enhance the overall appearance of the coin. This design choice underscores the significance of the maple leaf as a national symbol and reflects the aesthetic preferences of the period.
The 1904 1 cent coin was minted in bronze, a metal commonly used for low-denomination coins during the early 20th century. The coin has a diameter of 19.05 mm and a weight of approximately 3.24 grams. Bronze was chosen for its durability and affordability, making it a practical choice for everyday currency. The composition of the coin reflects the economic considerations of the time, balancing cost with the need for a durable and functional piece of currency.
The mintage of the 1904 1 cent coin was relatively limited, contributing to its appeal among collectors. Although exact mintage figures can vary, the production numbers for the 1904 issue were modest compared to some other years, making the coin a sought-after item for numismatic enthusiasts. The limited mintage, combined with the historical significance of the coin, enhances its value and desirability in the collector's market.
In terms of condition, the 1904 1 cent coin described as Very Fine (VF) exhibits noticeable wear from circulation but retains substantial detail. In VF condition, the coin will show some flattening of the high points and light wear on the design elements, but the central features—including the king's portrait and the maple wreath—will remain clearly visible. The coin's surface will exhibit signs of handling, with some wear on the edges and fields, yet it will still provide a clear and recognizable representation of the original design.
The Canada 1 cent 1904 KM#8 coin represents an important piece of Canadian numismatic history. Its design, mintage, and condition reflect the broader context of Canadian coinage during the early 20th century. The coin serves as a valuable artifact, illustrating the transition from British to Canadian control over coin production and the continued use of traditional design motifs. Collectors and historians alike appreciate the 1904 1 cent for its historical significance, design beauty, and its place in Canada's evolving currency system.