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The Canada 1 cent coin from 1895, designated as KM#7, represents an intriguing chapter in Canadian numismatic history. Struck during the latter part of the 19th century, this coin reflects a time of growth and transformation in Canada, characterized by its expanding economy and increasing national identity. The 1895 1 cent coin is particularly notable for its connection to the reign of Queen Victoria, who was a significant figure in both Canadian and British history.
The history surrounding the 1895 1 cent coin is closely tied to the socio-political landscape of Canada in the 1890s. This period marked the consolidation of Canada as a nation, following its confederation in 1867. The economy was evolving, with burgeoning industries and infrastructure projects, including railroads that connected distant regions. The introduction of this coin reflects the growing need for small-denomination currency to facilitate everyday transactions as the population expanded and commerce flourished.
The 1895 1 cent coin was produced by the Royal Canadian Mint, which had been established in 1908 but initially operated under the auspices of the British Royal Mint. This coin was minted using traditional techniques, which included striking from high-quality dies that captured the intricate details of the design. The 1895 coin showcases the mint's commitment to producing reliable and aesthetically pleasing currency for Canadians.
On the obverse side of the 1895 1 cent coin, the detailed portrait of Queen Victoria is prominently displayed. She is depicted in left-facing profile, adorned with a crown and elegant robes. Surrounding her portrait is the inscription "VICTORIA DEI GRA: REGINA," which translates to "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen." This inscription emphasizes the queen's royal status and underscores the connection between Canadian coinage and the British monarchy. The artistry of the portrait highlights the craftsmanship of the engravers, capturing the queen's dignified presence.
The reverse of the 1895 1 cent coin features a classic design that includes a wreath of maple leaves, symbolizing Canadian identity and heritage. Within the wreath, the denomination "1 CENT" and the year "1895" are clearly inscribed. The use of the maple leaf is particularly significant, as it represents the natural beauty of Canada and has become a defining national symbol. The design is framed by a simple yet elegant border of beads, contributing to the overall aesthetic of the coin.
The 1895 1 cent coin is made of bronze, a metal commonly used for low-denomination coins during this time. It has a diameter of 19.05 mm and weighs approximately 3.24 grams. The choice of bronze was practical, as it provided durability while keeping production costs manageable. This composition reflects the mint's intention to create coins that could endure the rigors of circulation, ensuring they remained functional for everyday transactions.
The mintage of the 1895 1 cent coin was relatively limited, with estimates suggesting that around 1.2 million pieces were produced. This moderate mintage contributes to its appeal among collectors, especially those focusing on late 19th-century Canadian coins. While the 1895 issue is not the rarest in the series, its unique features and historical context make it a sought-after item in the numismatic market.
In terms of condition, the 1895 1 cent coin described as Very Good (VG) exhibits noticeable wear from circulation but still retains a good amount of detail. In VG condition, the coin will show some flattening of the high points, with the portrait of Queen Victoria and the maple leaf wreath remaining recognizable. While the surfaces may have scratches or marks from handling, the overall character of the coin remains intact, reflecting its age and history while still providing an interesting piece for collectors.
The Canada 1 cent 1895 KM#7 coin is a valuable part of Canadian numismatic history, illustrating the continuity of traditional design motifs and the evolution of Canada’s currency during a pivotal time. Its design, mintage, and condition contribute to its significance as a collectible item. Collectors and historians appreciate the 1895 1 cent for its historical context, aesthetic appeal, and its representation of Canada’s developing national identity as it navigated the late 19th century.