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The Bust Half Dollar of 1838 is a significant piece within the Bust Half Dollar series, which spans from 1807 to 1836. This coin represents the final year of the series and marks the transition to the new Liberty Seated design. The early 19th century was a transformative period for the United States, characterized by political and economic changes. The 1838 Bust Half Dollar not only reflects the artistry of its time but also serves as a historical marker of a crucial moment in American numismatics.
The design of the 1838 Bust Half Dollar remains true to the neoclassical style established by engraver John Reich. The obverse features a finely detailed portrait of Liberty, facing left, with flowing hair and a headband inscribed with “LIBERTY.” The artistry captures the ideals of freedom and strength, central to the American ethos of the time. The reverse of the coin displays a heraldic eagle, also designed by Reich, with its wings extended and clutching an olive branch and arrows. The eagle’s stance symbolizes a balance between peace and military readiness, while the banner above it bears the motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM,” emphasizing the unity of the states. The design is a testament to the high standards of craftsmanship and the attention to detail that defined early 19th-century American coinage.
The 1838 Bust Half Dollar was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, the primary facility responsible for producing U.S. coinage during this period. The Philadelphia Mint, established in 1792, played a pivotal role in the development and standardization of American currency. The mintage of the 1838 Bust Half Dollar was relatively modest compared to other years in the series, with a total of 1,100,000 coins struck. This significant mintage reflects the coin's role in daily transactions and its importance in the broader context of early 19th-century American commerce. Despite the large number struck, the 1838 Bust Half Dollar remains a valuable piece due to its place as the last issue of the Bust Half Dollar series before the transition to the Liberty Seated design.
In terms of condition, an Extra Fine (EF) grade for the 1838 Bust Half Dollar indicates that the coin has experienced some wear but retains a substantial amount of its original design features. In Extra Fine condition, the major design elements are well-preserved, with Liberty’s profile and the inscription “LIBERTY” remaining clear and distinct. The details in Liberty’s hair and face are visible, though there may be some light wear. The reverse features the eagle and the motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM,” with minor wear evident on the high points of the feathers and shield, but the overall design remains recognizable and intact. Despite the signs of wear, the coin’s historical value and aesthetic appeal are preserved, making it a desirable item for collectors who appreciate its quality and historical context.
The Bust Half Dollar of 1838 in Extra Fine condition is an important piece in the study of early American numismatics, providing valuable insights into the nation’s history and the evolution of its coinage. The coin’s design, minting history, and condition all contribute to its significance and appeal. As the final issue in the Bust Half Dollar series, the 1838 Bust Half Dollar marks the end of an era and the beginning of a new design phase with the Liberty Seated coins. Collectors and historians value this coin for its historical significance, its role in the transition of American coinage, and its representation of the artistry and technical standards of early 19th-century numismatics. The 1838 Bust Half Dollar continues to be a cherished item for those who appreciate the rich heritage of American coinage and its evolution over time.