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The 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 and double profile is a fascinating and sought-after coin in the history of U.S. minting. This particular variation of the Bust Half Dollar, produced in 1823, features a striking error known as the "double profile." This occurs when the die used to strike the coin produces an overlapping image of Liberty's profile, making the coin visually distinct. The 1823 Bust Half Dollar is one of the more rare examples of this error, and collectors find it particularly interesting due to its unique characteristics, combining the artistry of the coin's design with a minting flaw that has become a valuable part of numismatic history.
The U.S. Mint first introduced the Bust Half Dollar in 1794, and it continued to be produced in various forms until 1839. The coin's design evolved over the years, and the 1823 version features the "Capped Bust" design, created by John Reich. On the obverse, Liberty is depicted wearing a phrygian cap, a symbol of freedom, with her hair flowing around it. The reverse of the coin shows an eagle with outstretched wings, a design that is characteristic of the series. This coin was struck during a time of significant economic growth in the U.S., but also during a period of experimentation in minting techniques and die production, which led to a variety of design differences, including the double profile seen in some 1823 examples.
The normal 3 refers to the way the 3 in the date is positioned on the die, a feature that distinguishes it from other coins in the same year. However, the coin is most famous for its "double profile" error. The double profile is caused by an issue with the die, where a second impression of Liberty’s head is struck faintly above the primary image. This doubling creates a ghost-like effect, making the coin's profile appear as though it has been struck twice. The double profile is a clear indication of a minting error, but rather than detracting from the coin’s value, it adds to its appeal among collectors. This error is relatively rare and makes the 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 a standout piece in any collection of U.S. silver coins.
The 1823 Bust Half Dollar was minted at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the only mint in operation at the time. The Philadelphia Mint had only recently begun minting half dollars on a larger scale, and the production of these coins in 1823 was part of an ongoing effort to meet the needs of an expanding U.S. economy. The total mintage of 1823 Bust Half Dollars was relatively high for the period, but the number of examples with the double profile error is much smaller, adding to the coin's rarity and desirability. Over time, as these coins were circulated, many examples became worn down, and those that retain their original details are now highly sought after by collectors.
The design of the 1823 Bust Half Dollar is iconic, reflecting the neoclassical style that was popular in American coinage during the early 19th century. On the obverse, Liberty’s profile is finely detailed, with her hair flowing gracefully under the phrygian cap. The word "LIBERTY" is inscribed above, with the date "1823" below. The reverse features an eagle with outstretched wings, clutching arrows in one talon and an olive branch in the other, symbolizing strength and peace. The eagle is encircled by the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and the coin’s denomination, “HALF DOLLAR,” further emphasizing its place in the U.S. currency system. The intricate design details of this coin reflect the high standards of artistry and craftsmanship employed by the U.S. Mint at the time.
The 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 double profile is a key coin in the series due to its distinctive error. It represents an intersection of artistry and manufacturing flaws, making it a valuable piece for collectors who are interested in U.S. Mint history and mint errors. The double profile error is especially noticeable when examining the coin in hand, as the ghostly second image of Liberty’s profile adds a layer of depth and intrigue to the design. Because of its rarity and the allure of the error, this coin is highly regarded among numismatists and is often sought after by those specializing in collecting U.S. silver coins, particularly those with errors or unique characteristics.
The condition of the 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 double profile significantly affects its value. The coin in question is graded as Fine (F), meaning it exhibits moderate wear, with much of the design still visible but softened from circulation. In this grade, the coin’s details are still discernible, although some of the finer aspects, such as Liberty's hair, may be worn down. The overdate error and the double profile remain visible, though not as sharply as they would be on a higher-grade coin. Nonetheless, even in this state, the coin remains an attractive and highly collectible piece. Coins with the double profile are rare, and the slight wear only adds to their historical charm, making them appealing to collectors who appreciate the history behind each coin.
The 1823 Bust Half Dollar is a testament to the U.S. Mint's early years, when innovation and experimentation in minting techniques were taking place. The die error that led to the double profile on some of the 1823 coins serves as a reminder of the challenges faced by the Mint as it sought to meet the needs of the growing U.S. economy. The double profile error is not only a mistake but also a unique feature that gives the coin its character and makes it a memorable part of U.S. numismatic history. For collectors, the 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 and double profile is an opportunity to own a piece of American history with an interesting story behind it.
Collectors of U.S. coins and enthusiasts of minting errors are drawn to the 1823 Bust Half Dollar for its rarity and unique characteristics. The coin serves as an important example of the evolving practices at the U.S. Mint and reflects the craftsmanship of the time. As one of the more notable errors in the Bust Half Dollar series, it is a highly collectible coin, often commanding higher prices due to its uniqueness and historical significance. Whether as a standalone piece or part of a larger collection, the 1823 Bust Half Dollar with the normal 3 and double profile continues to be a favorite among numismatists.