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The Buffalo Nickel 1914-D in Extra Fine condition is a standout example from one of the most celebrated series in American numismatics. Issued during the second year of the Buffalo nickel's production, the 1914-D was struck at the Denver Mint and remains a significant date for collectors due to its moderate scarcity, frontier-themed design, and its connection to an era of rapid American expansion. This coin offers an enduring reminder of the nation’s spirit in the early 20th century and continues to attract attention for both its artistic merit and historical relevance. In Extra Fine grade, the 1914-D retains sharp detail and offers strong visual impact without the premium attached to higher uncirculated examples.
The Buffalo nickel, also known as the Indian Head nickel, was first introduced in 1913 and designed by sculptor James Earle Fraser. Fraser, who was raised on the western plains, wanted to create a coin that reflected the uniquely American landscape and cultural identity. His work replaced the more classical Liberty Head nickel with a design that featured a Native American on the obverse and a powerful American bison on the reverse. The coin’s bold, rustic style marked a shift toward realism and national pride in U.S. coinage. Fraser’s decision to depict Native American heritage and the western frontier made the Buffalo nickel an immediate icon that has remained popular with collectors for over a century.
The obverse of the 1914-D Buffalo nickel features a striking right-facing profile of a Native American chief, a composite portrait based on three actual individuals: Iron Tail, Two Moons, and possibly John Big Tree. The portrait is detailed and expressive, showing the strength and character of its subject through sharp contours, braided hair, and a feathered headdress. The date “1914” appears on the lower left, with “LIBERTY” inscribed along the upper right. On coins graded Extra Fine, much of the high-point wear is present on the cheekbone, brow, and tip of the feather, but the main facial features, the outline of the headdress, and the braid remain distinct and sharply visible. The date is fully intact, which is especially important for this series, as early Buffalo nickels often suffered from date erosion in circulation.
The reverse presents the image of a bison, often believed to have been modeled after Black Diamond, a buffalo at the Central Park Zoo in New York City. The buffalo stands atop a raised mound with “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” and the motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM” inscribed above. Below the buffalo is the denomination “FIVE CENTS,” and just beneath that is the mintmark “D,” signifying the Denver Mint. In Extra Fine condition, the buffalo's outline is bold, and much of the texture in the fur on the hump, shoulders, and legs remains visible. Some detail loss may be noted around the head and front leg, which are high points of the design and commonly worn. Still, the overall reverse retains its rugged power and iconic stance.
The 1914-D Buffalo nickel was struck at the Denver Mint, the U.S. branch responsible for producing coinage for the Western states. During this era, the Denver Mint played an increasingly important role in meeting the nation’s growing demand for coinage, particularly in newly developing regions. The total mintage of the 1914-D nickel was 3,912,000 pieces—a modest figure for the series. Although not a key date, the 1914-D is certainly a semi-key, valued more highly than common-date Philadelphia issues due to its relatively low production and its tendency to appear in lower grades from extensive circulation. As such, well-preserved examples in Extra Fine condition are increasingly hard to find and command solid premiums among serious collectors.
The Buffalo nickel series is notorious for strike inconsistencies, especially in the early years. Denver Mint issues, including the 1914-D, are often noted for having softer strikes compared to Philadelphia coins. Common weak points on the reverse include the bison’s head, horn, and front legs. Even in Extra Fine condition, many 1914-D specimens display some softness in these areas. However, the overall impression of the design is typically strong enough to appreciate Fraser’s powerful vision. Collectors accept these strike weaknesses as part of the charm and authenticity of early Buffalo nickels and seek out coins that offer overall eye appeal and originality, despite the design's technical challenges.
In Extra Fine (XF) condition, the 1914-D Buffalo nickel offers a pleasing level of detail while showing moderate, even wear across the coin. On the obverse, the Native American’s jawline, lips, nose, and brow are still sharp, and the feather and hair elements are distinct, though worn on the highest points. The word “LIBERTY” is generally clear, with minimal fading, and the rims are full and rounded. On the reverse, the buffalo’s hump and back legs maintain their contour, and the separation of the tail and legs is usually discernible. The D mintmark is clear and unaltered, adding to the coin’s authenticity and collectibility.
Coins in this grade typically have original surfaces with attractive toning, ranging from warm grays and golden browns to subtle shades of olive and slate. These colors are the result of natural oxidation over time and are often appreciated by collectors as indicators of originality. Some Extra Fine examples may exhibit light circulation marks or minor abrasions, but these do not significantly detract from the coin’s value. As always, examples that are free from cleaning, corrosion, or environmental damage are the most desirable. Coins that show strong eye appeal and balanced wear attract the most attention from those completing a circulated set of Buffalo nickels or focusing on Denver Mint issues.
The historical context of the 1914-D adds further dimension to its value. The year 1914 marked the beginning of World War I in Europe, although the United States would not enter the conflict until 1917. Domestically, the U.S. was undergoing major changes, with urbanization, industrialization, and the spread of the automobile reshaping American life. At the same time, the nation’s western roots were being mythologized in art and culture, and the Buffalo nickel symbolized this disappearing frontier spirit. Coins like the 1914-D circulated widely during this time, carrying with them a powerful image of resilience and national identity during a rapidly changing age.
The Buffalo Nickel 1914-D Extra Fine is an excellent example of early 20th-century American coinage at its best—rich in design, history, and character. Its rugged beauty, combined with its moderately low mintage and association with the storied Denver Mint, make it a rewarding acquisition for collectors at all levels. As a coin that retains a substantial portion of its original detail, an XF 1914-D appeals to those who value both artistry and history. Whether added to a full Buffalo nickel set or held as a standalone specimen, it remains a treasured piece that captures the essence of a proud and formative period in the American numismatic legacy.