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The Buffalo Nickel 1914 in Extra Fine condition is a remarkable artifact of early 20th-century American coinage, embodying both the artistry and national identity that defined the era. First issued in 1913, the Buffalo nickel—officially known as the Indian Head five-cent piece—was a departure from classical imagery used in prior coinage, favoring a bold and uniquely American design. By 1914, the second year of the series, the coin had already gained popularity with the public for its rustic charm and strong visual appeal. The 1914 issue, struck at the Philadelphia Mint, continued the high standards of production and design first introduced a year earlier and is today admired for its striking representation of American heritage.
The Buffalo nickel was designed by renowned sculptor James Earle Fraser, whose goal was to create a coin that reflected the American spirit through imagery tied to the nation's western frontier. The obverse of the coin features a portrait of a Native American, a composite based on several individuals, including notable figures such as Iron Tail, Two Moons, and possibly John Big Tree. This powerful, right-facing profile is deeply expressive, showing fine detail in the facial features, the feathered headdress, and the braided hair. The reverse of the coin depicts a massive American bison, said to have been modeled after a buffalo named Black Diamond at the Central Park Zoo in New York City. Together, the designs convey both strength and dignity, making the Buffalo nickel a standout among circulating U.S. coins.
The obverse of the 1914 Buffalo nickel showcases the commanding portrait of the Native American, with the word “LIBERTY” inscribed along the upper-right rim and the date “1914” struck boldly at the lower-left near the neckline. On an Extra Fine example, Liberty’s facial structure remains strong, with the cheekbone, brow, and jawline clearly visible. The hair braid and feather details still exhibit separation and texture, though the highest points of the design, such as the cheek and parts of the headdress, may show light wear. The date remains crisp and bold—an important detail since dates on Buffalo nickels are often the first to wear down in lower grades due to their high relief.
The reverse displays the iconic American buffalo standing atop a raised mound. Arched along the top are the words “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,” with the national motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM” placed just below in smaller font. At the bottom is the denomination “FIVE CENTS,” struck into the mound itself. On an Extra Fine specimen, the buffalo’s body remains well outlined, and many of the fur details, particularly on the head, hump, and legs, are still visible, though slightly softened by circulation. The contours of the body and limbs remain strong, and the tail, which is often one of the first features to disappear with wear, is still present, if faint at the tip. The coin’s reverse in this grade retains much of its depth and dimension, enhancing its visual appeal.
The 1914 Buffalo nickel was struck at the Philadelphia Mint and does not bear a mintmark, which was standard for coins produced at that facility during this period. The Philadelphia Mint was responsible for the majority of Buffalo nickel production in the early years, and its 1914 issue had a mintage of approximately 20,664,463 pieces. While this number is relatively high compared to branch mint issues, many of these coins circulated heavily during the 1910s and 1920s. As a result, well-preserved examples in Extra Fine or higher condition are less commonly encountered today, increasing their value among collectors who seek coins that balance historical wear with remaining design integrity.
The Buffalo nickel series is known for its challenges in collecting, not just because of its design’s vulnerability to wear but also due to striking inconsistencies. Even within the Philadelphia Mint issues, some coins show weak areas—particularly on the reverse around the buffalo’s shoulder and front leg. Fortunately, most 1914 Philadelphia strikes are reasonably well-executed, and coins in Extra Fine condition still retain much of their original detail. Collectors often favor this grade because it preserves the coin’s artistic impact without commanding the premiums of uncirculated pieces. The overall design still comes through with strength and character, revealing the sculptural brilliance of Fraser’s work even after years of use.
In Extra Fine condition, the 1914 Buffalo nickel displays moderate but even wear across the high points of both the obverse and reverse. The portrait of the Native American maintains its shape and detail, with the feathers in the headdress and the hair braid showing texture, though some elements are slightly worn. The rim is complete, and the lettering is bold and readable. On the reverse, the buffalo stands with dignity, and while some fur detail may be lost along the hump and flank, the overall outline is bold and distinct. The mound beneath the buffalo, along with the inscriptions, remains clear, giving the coin an appealing and balanced appearance.
The coin’s surface in this grade often exhibits attractive toning, with hues ranging from warm brown to deep gray, depending on its exposure to the elements and method of storage. Natural patina is common and desirable, as it demonstrates originality and authenticity. A well-preserved Extra Fine example typically has no major damage, corrosion, or evidence of harsh cleaning. Light contact marks or small abrasions are acceptable and expected for a coin that has seen limited but honest circulation. Collectors often prioritize coins with pleasing surfaces and strong eye appeal in this grade, especially those that showcase even wear and clear devices.
From a historical standpoint, the 1914 Buffalo nickel reflects the growing sense of American cultural identity and artistic expression in the early 20th century. The coin circulated widely in an era defined by rapid social and technological change, including the rise of automobiles, the expansion of industry, and the onset of World War I. Yet the design itself harks back to a simpler time, one rooted in the landscapes and people of the American West. As such, the 1914 issue serves as both a functional piece of coinage and a miniature monument to a fading frontier heritage.
Collectors pursuing a complete Buffalo nickel set often regard the 1914 issue as an essential and affordable early date, offering a high-quality representation of the series’ original design. While it lacks the rarity of some of the more challenging dates, its age, condition, and design excellence make it a cornerstone in any meaningful collection. In Extra Fine condition, it provides a satisfying combination of detail, historical authenticity, and aesthetic appeal, without the higher cost associated with Mint State examples. It’s also a coin that continues to appreciate over time, due to steady demand and limited supply in mid-to-high circulated grades.
The Buffalo Nickel 1914 Extra Fine is more than just a collectible coin—it’s a timeless embodiment of American artistry, resilience, and identity. Its bold imagery, storied origin, and historical context all contribute to its ongoing popularity among collectors and historians alike. Whether as part of a complete Buffalo nickel set or as a stand-alone piece representing early 20th-century numismatic beauty, the 1914 in Extra Fine condition stands out as a well-preserved tribute to a uniquely American legacy. With its preserved details and enduring symbolism, it remains a cherished example of the sculptural elegance that defined a golden era of U.S. coin design.