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The $5 Gold Liberty 1881 Extra Fine (XF) coin is a cherished piece of American numismatic history, representing the artistry and craftsmanship of the late 19th century. As part of the Liberty Head Half Eagle series, this coin is notable for its intricate design, historical context, and relatively modest mintage. The 1881 issue stands out for its exceptional quality and the role it played in the economic landscape of its time.
The Liberty Head Half Eagle series was designed by Christian Gobrecht, the third Chief Engraver of the United States Mint. The series began in 1839 and continued until 1908, making it one of the longest-running designs in U.S. coinage history. The obverse of the 1881 coin features a left-facing portrait of Lady Liberty adorned with a coronet inscribed with the word "LIBERTY." Thirteen stars encircle the portrait, symbolizing the original thirteen colonies, and the date "1881" is prominently displayed below. The meticulous detail in Lady Liberty's hair and the coronet exemplifies the high level of craftsmanship that went into producing these coins.
The reverse of the $5 Gold Liberty coin showcases a powerful eagle with outstretched wings, clutching an olive branch and arrows in its talons. This imagery signifies the nation's desire for peace but readiness for defense. Above the eagle's head is a banner with the inscription "IN GOD WE TRUST," reflecting the nation's faith and unity. The inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and the denomination "FIVE D." encircle the eagle, providing a sense of balance and symmetry to the design. The detail in the eagle’s feathers and the precision of the lettering highlight the coin's artistic and technical excellence.
The $5 Gold Liberty 1881 coin was minted at multiple locations, including the Philadelphia Mint, which is the oldest mint in the United States, established in 1792. The Philadelphia Mint has a storied history of producing some of the nation's most iconic coins, known for their high quality and fine craftsmanship. Coins produced at this mint bear no mintmark, distinguishing them from those produced at other facilities. The 1881 $5 Gold Liberty coins from Philadelphia are especially prized for their sharp details and aesthetic appeal.
The mintage of the 1881 $5 Gold Liberty coin was approximately 5,708,000. While this number might seem substantial, many of these coins were heavily circulated, lost, or melted down over the years, making well-preserved examples in Extra Fine condition relatively rare. Coins from this period that have survived with minimal wear are highly sought after by collectors and numismatists, adding to their value and desirability.
In Extra Fine (XF) condition, the $5 Gold Liberty 1881 coin exhibits sharp and clear details with only slight wear on the highest points of the design. The hair strands and coronet on Lady Liberty's portrait remain well-defined, and the intricate feathers on the eagle’s wings and body are still prominent. The fields, or flat surfaces of the coin, retain much of their original luster, providing a pleasing visual contrast to the raised design elements. Coins in this condition are prized for their beauty and historical significance, offering a glimpse into the past while maintaining their aesthetic appeal.
The $5 Gold Liberty 1881 Extra Fine coin is more than just a piece of currency; it is a tangible link to America’s past, embodying the economic and cultural values of the time. The coin played a vital role in commerce during a period of rapid growth and development in the United States. The design reflects the nation’s ideals of liberty and strength, while the coin’s production at the historic Philadelphia Mint underscores its importance in American numismatic history.
In summary, the $5 Gold Liberty 1881 Extra Fine coin stands as a testament to the artistry and historical significance of late 19th-century American coinage. With its classic Liberty Head design by Christian Gobrecht, its production at the prestigious Philadelphia Mint, and its relatively limited mintage, this coin is a treasured piece in any numismatic collection. It represents a significant era in American history, making it a valuable and meaningful collectible for those who appreciate the rich legacy of U.S. coinage.