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The 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note, often referred to as the "Wide Back" note, is a distinctive and highly collectible piece of American currency that holds both historical significance and numismatic value. Part of the series of notes issued during the Great Depression, the 1934D series was part of a broader effort to stabilize the U.S. economy and support the banking system. These notes were issued by the U.S. Treasury under the supervision of the Treasury Secretary and were part of a larger initiative to reinforce the value of the U.S. dollar. The 1934D $20 note is a standout piece within the series, thanks to its unique design and its status as one of the most collected denominations of U.S. currency during this time.
The 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note was issued as part of a series that saw several changes in both the design and security features of U.S. paper currency. The "Wide Back" designation refers to the distinctive design change that occurred in the back of the note. In 1929, the U.S. Treasury had introduced a change in the size of the notes, reducing their dimensions from 7.421 inches by 3.125 inches to the more familiar 6.14 inches by 2.61 inches. However, during the printing of the 1934 series, certain notes were produced with an unusually wide back. This wide back, coupled with a different typeface and layout, made the 1934D $20 note stand out from its predecessors and remain a prized collector's item.
The front of the 1934D $20 note features a large portrait of Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States. Jackson's image is centrally positioned, a common feature for U.S. currency of the time. To the left of Jackson’s portrait is the Federal Reserve seal, and to the right is the Treasury Seal, a feature that helped differentiate U.S. currency from foreign notes. The note also includes the signature of the Treasurer of the United States and the Secretary of the Treasury. Both signatures are a key feature, indicating the authenticity of the note. The design of the note is somewhat minimalist compared to other currency designs, but the quality of engraving and the striking appearance of Jackson's portrait are immediately noticeable.
On the reverse side of the 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note, the "Wide Back" design takes center stage. The back of the note features an ornate, intricate design that spans the entire width of the note, with the denomination "$20" prominently displayed in large numerals in each corner. The layout of the back is framed by complex patterns and a large, stylized emblem that reinforces the note’s overall aesthetic appeal. The overall design was meant to convey both strength and security, utilizing large numerals and intricate patterns to help prevent counterfeiting. The wide back is also indicative of the broader design philosophy of the time, which aimed for greater clarity and ease of recognition in U.S. currency.
The 1934D $20 note was printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, D.C., and was issued as legal tender in the United States. The note was backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and was used widely in both commercial and banking transactions. The 1934D series was printed in response to the economic difficulties of the Great Depression, a time when the U.S. government was working to restore confidence in the banking system and stabilize the U.S. dollar. As part of this effort, the Treasury Department issued a variety of currency denominations, including the $20 bill, to meet the growing demands of the economy.
The mintage of the 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note was substantial, with millions of notes being printed across multiple Federal Reserve districts. However, despite the large number of notes produced, the 1934D $20 note remains a popular collectible due to its unique design features, including the "Wide Back." These notes are highly sought after by collectors who specialize in U.S. currency from the Great Depression era. The combination of historical significance and unique design elements makes the 1934D $20 note a valuable piece in the world of numismatics.
The condition of a 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note plays a significant role in its value. Notes that are in Fine (F), Very Fine (VF), or higher grades are considered more desirable by collectors. A note in VF condition is well-preserved, with some signs of handling but without significant wear or damage. The paper should remain relatively crisp, and the design details should still be sharp and clear. In contrast, notes in lower grades, such as Good or Very Good (VG), may show more wear, with fading of the ink, tears, or creases. The 1934D $20 note in Fine to Very Fine condition, like the one discussed here, typically exhibits slight handling, but it retains much of its original appeal, making it a desirable specimen for collectors.
As with all collectible currency, the market value of the 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note is influenced by factors such as rarity, demand, and condition. Notes in higher grades, such as AU (About Uncirculated) or even Uncirculated (UNC) condition, can command significantly higher prices due to their excellent condition and relative scarcity. The 1934D $20 note is often a centerpiece in collections of U.S. paper money from the 1930s, particularly because of its distinctive "Wide Back" design. The rarity of higher-grade specimens only adds to its allure among serious collectors and investors in U.S. currency.
The 1934D $20 Federal Reserve Note, with its historic design and unique features, continues to be a prized piece of American currency. Whether for collectors of U.S. paper money or for those with a particular interest in the history of the Great Depression, this note represents an important chapter in the nation's financial history. The combination of high demand, historical significance, and distinct design ensures that the 1934D $20 note will remain a sought-after collectible for years to come, maintaining its position as one of the most intriguing and valuable pieces of U.S. currency from the 1930s.